中国麻风皮肤病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 566-569.doi: 10.12144/zgmfskin202608566

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

文山州2011—2024年麻风复发病例流行病学特征分析

何乔晶1,周丽娟1,韩琳1,张春雨1,尹丽娇1,马月佳2,陆胜清1   

  1. 1文山壮族苗族自治州皮肤病防治所（文山壮族苗族自治州皮肤病专科医院）,云南文山，663099；2文山壮族苗族自治州第二人民医院，云南文山，663099
  • 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-03

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of recurrent leprosy cases in Wenshan prefecture from 2011 to 2024

HE Qiaojing1, ZHOU Lijuan1, HAN Lin1, ZHANG Chunyu1, YIN Lijiao1, MA Yuejia2, LU Shengqing1   

  1. 1 Wenshan Prefecture Dermatology Prevention and Treatment Institute (Wenshan Prefecture Dermatology Specialist Hospital), Wenshan 663099, China; 2 Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Sencond People's Hospital, Wenshan 663099, China
  • Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-03

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摘要： 目的：分析文山州麻风复发病例流行病学特征,为麻风复发防控提供依据。方法：从《全国麻风防治管理信息系统》（LEPMIS）提取文山州2011-2024年麻风复发病例信息，参照国家卫生行业标准界定复发、临床治愈、2级畸残及平均延迟期，采用统计软件SPSS 22.0进行统计分析，ArcGIS 10.8绘制空间分布图。结果：2011—2024 年复发病例共38例，占麻风患者的7.05%，最终纳入分析37例；37例复发病例男女性别比为3.62∶1；55岁以上占32.43%，平均年龄48.38岁；以农民（100%）、小学文化程度（54.06%）为主，主要分布于砚山、丘北两县，复发以 MDT治疗后（72.97%）为主，复发诊断平均延迟期为7.37个月。复发时发现方式以自报为主(37.84%)。多菌型占78.38%。复发时所有病例均存在皮肤损害，48.65%伴有神经炎，18.92%伴有I型麻风反应，16.22%伴有Ⅱ型麻风反应，既有I型麻风反应又有Ⅱ型麻风反应占8.11%；存在2级畸残(12例，32.43%），查菌阳性病例占81.08%，平均BI为2.4，54.05%复发患者BI≥3.0。结论：文山州麻风复发呈明显地域、人群聚集性，常伴麻风反应，畸残率较高，需重点加强高风险地区及治愈病例的长期随访与规范管理。

关键词: 麻风, 复发, 分析

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of relapsed leprosy cases in Wenshan Prefecture and provide evidence for the prevention and control of leprosy relapse. Methods: Data of relapsed leprosy cases in Wenshan Prefecture from 2011 to 2024 were extracted from the National Leprosy Prevention and Control Management Information System (LEPMIS). Definitions of relapse, clinical cure, grade 2 disability, and average delay period were adopted in accordance with national health industry standards. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software, and spatial distribution maps were drawn with ArcGIS 10.8.Results: A total of 38 relapsed cases (accounting for 7.05% of all leprosy patients) were reported from 2011 to 2024, and 37 cases were finally included in the analysis. The male-to-female ratio of the 37 relapsed cases was 3.62∶1. Patients aged 55 years and above accounted for 32.43%, with a mean age of 48.38 years. The cases were predominantly, farmers (100%), and those with primary school education (54.06%). The cases were mainly distributed in Yanshan and Qiubei counties. Most relapses occurred after multi-drug therapy (MDT, 72.97%). The average delay in diagnosis of relapse was 7.37 months. Self-reporting was the main method at the relapse stage (37.84%). The proportion of multibacillary leprosy was 78.38% at the relapse stage. All relapse cases had skin lesions, 48.65% had neuritis, 18.92% had type I leprosy reaction, 16.22% had type II leprosy reaction, and 8.11% had both type I and type II leprosy reactions. 12 cases (32.43%) had grade 2 disability, and 81.08% of the cases were positive for Mycobacterium leprae, with an average bacillary index of 2.4, 54.05% of the relapsed patients had a bacillary index of ≥ 3.0. Conclusion: Leprosy recurrence in Wenshan Prefecture presents obvious regional and population aggregation, often accompanied by leprosy reactions and a high disability rate. It is necessary to strengthen long-term follow-up and standardized management in high-risk areas and among cured patients.

Key words: leprosy, relapse, analysis