中国麻风皮肤病杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 103-107.doi: 10.12144/zgmfskin202502103

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

海南省2014-2023年新发麻风病例流行病学特征分析

陈善逸,朱考考,张雯婷,符惠冰,关力心,冯玉婷   

  1. 海南省第五人民医院/海南医科大学附属皮肤病医院防治科，海南海口，570100
  • 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-01-22

Epidemiological characteristics of leprosy new cases in Hainan Province from 2014 to 2023

CHEN Shanyi, ZHU Kaokao, ZHANG Wenting, FU Huibing, GUAN Lixin, FENG Yuting   

  1. Department of Prevention and Control, the Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province & Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
  • Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-01-22

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摘要： 目的：分析海南省2014-2023年新发麻风病例流行病学特征，为今后优化麻风防治工作策略提供依据。方法：通过全国麻风病防治管理信息系统（LEPMIS），收集海南省2014-2023年新发麻风病例资料，采用描述性流行病学方法对新发麻风病例流行病学特征进行分析。结果：海南省2014-2023年新发麻风病例57例，复发病例2例。麻风年发现率从0.135/105降至0.020/105，年患病率从0.722/105降至0.250/105。多菌型（MB）患者占总病例数80.70%。新发麻风患者2级畸残16例，畸残比28.07%，平均诊断延迟期44.66个月。早期发现占比47.37%，44例患者因皮肤科门诊就诊发现，占比77.19%。新发病例数呈散发空间随机分布。结论：海南省麻风发现率和患病率呈下降趋势，麻风处于低流行状态，但仍有新发病例，新发病例平均诊断延迟期较长，2级畸残率比较高，病例发现以皮肤科门诊就诊发现为主。

关键词: 麻风, 流行特征, 空间聚集性, 海南省

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy new cases in Hainan Province from 2014 to 2023, providing a basis for future leprosy prevention and control strategies. Methods: The data of leprosy new cases in Hainan Province from 2014 to 2023 were collected through the LEPMIS, and the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy new cases were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results: There were 57 leprosy new cases and 2 recurrent cases in Hainan Province from 2014 to 2023. The annual detection rate of leprosy decreased from 0.135/105 to 0.020/105, and the annual prevalence rate decreased from 0.722/105 to 0.250/105. Multibacillary (MB) patients accounted for 80.70% of the total cases. Among the leprosy new cases, 16 cases had grade 2 disabilities, with a disability ratio of 28.07% and an average diagnostic delay of 44.66 months. Early detection accounted for 47.37%, and 44 patients were discovered during dermatology outpatient visits, accounting for 77.19%. The number of new cases showed a sporadic spatial random distribution. Conclusion: The detection rate and prevalence of leprosy in Hainan Province are on a downward trend, indicating a low prevalence state of leprosy. However, there are still new cases, with a relatively long average diagnostic delay and a high proportion of grade 2 disabilities. New cases mainly come from dermatology outpatient clinics.

Key words: leprosy, epidemic characteristics, spatial aggregation, Hainan Province