Abstract: A retrospective study was conducted on the current situation investigation in leprosy prevention and control work practices of leprosy hospitals (villages) in Yunnan, Shaanxi, Guizhou, and Liaoning provinces in China from 2018 to 2024, conducted by the Chinese Leprosy Control Association and the Beijing Li Huanying Medical Foundation. This study iclentifies persistent problems in the prevention and control of leprosy, such as insufficient management of chronic diseases, the difficulty of early diagnosis and ulcer healing of leprosy, insufficient growth potential of frontline workers, and the need to improve the living conditions of leprosy patients. In future work, the government should play a leading role in leprosy prevention and control, while social organizations serve as effective supplements, which enhance the service capabilities of the prevention and control, covering the entire process of leprosy detection, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation research, forming a collaborative force for leprosy prevention and control work.

Key words: leprosy prevention and control, current situation investigation, transformational development, social organizations, leprosy village