中国麻风皮肤病杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 456-460.doi: 10.12144/zgmfskin202506456

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

麻风诊断技术进展

袁瑞清1,2,刘红1,2   

  1. 1山东第一医科大学附属皮肤病医院，山东济南，250022；2山东省皮肤病性病防治研究所，山东济南，250022
  • 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-05-23

Update of leprosy diagnostic techniques

YUAN Ruiqing1,2, LIU Hong1,2   

  1. 1 Dermatology Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250022, China; 2 Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250022, China
  • Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-05-23

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摘要： 麻风是一种主要累及皮肤和神经的慢性传染病，严重可能导致畸残。早期诊断对于控制疾病发展和预防畸残至关重要。本文全面综述了麻风各种诊断技术，包括传统技术如显微镜检查、培养、组织病理学和麻风菌素试验，以及分子生物学、血清学、免疫学、质谱、电生理学、影像学和光学技术以及其他新兴技术。此外，本文对这些诊断技术的应用前景进行了评估。

关键词: 麻风, 病原学, 麻风菌素试验, 分子生物学, 实验室技术, 免疫学

Abstract: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that primarily affects the skin and nerves, and in severe cases can lead to disability. Early diagnosis is critical for controlling disease development and preventing disabilities. The various diagnostic methods for leprosy were reviewed in this paper, including traditional techniques such as microscopy, culture, histopathology, and lepromin tests, as well as emerging technologies in molecular biology, serology, immunology, mass spectrometry, electrophysiology, imaging, optical techniques, and other novel approaches. Additionally, we evaluated the prospects for applying these diagnostic technologies.

Key words: leprosy, aetiology, lepromin tests, molecular biology, laboratory technology, immunology