中国麻风皮肤病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 773-778.doi: 10.12144/zgmfskin202611773

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

603例特殊化妆品不良反应临床表现及斑贴试验结果分析

鲁阳1,2,吴晓晓1,2,李雪瑞1,2,徐浩1,2,张雪青1,2,刘建新1,2,庞静1,2,杨宝琦1,2,杨青1,2,刘国艳1,2,刘文文3,谢彦军3,李霞3,李珍1,2,刘红1,2   

  1. 1山东第一医科大学附属皮肤病医院，山东济南，250022；2山东省皮肤病性病防治研究所，山东济南，250022；3山东省药品不良反应监测中心，山东济南，250014
  • 出版日期:2026-11-15 发布日期:2026-10-29

Analysis of clinical manifestations and patch test outcomes in 603 cases of adverse reactions induced by special cosmetics

LU Yang1,2, WU Xiaoxiao1,2, LI Xuerui1,2, XU Hao1,2, ZHANG Xueqing1,2, LIU Jianxin1,2, PANG Jing1,2, YANG Baoqi1,2, YANG Qing1,2, LIU Guoyan1,2, LIU Wenwen3, XIE Yanjun3, LI Xia3, LI Zhen1,2, LIU Hong1,2   

  1. 1 Dermatology Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250022, China; 2 Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250022, China; 3 Shandong Provincial Center for Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring, Jinan 250014, China
  • Online:2026-11-15 Published:2026-10-29

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摘要： 目的：明确特殊化妆品导致不良反应的临床特点和斑贴试验结果。方法：回顾性分析2022年10月至2026年1月我院特殊化妆品导致的不良反应病例。对患者的一般资料、临床特征、可疑化妆品信息、斑贴试验结果进行总结分析。结果：603例特殊化妆品导致的不良反应病例，以女性为主（85.41%）。不良反应类型以化妆品接触性皮炎（96.68%）为主，可疑特殊化妆品中最常见的为染发类（34.33%），多来源于网购（73.13%）。对其中 77 例完成化妆品成分斑贴试验的患者进行分析，化妆品成分斑贴试验阳性率前5位的致敏原分别为没食子酸盐混合物（16.67%）、重氮烷基咪唑脲（12.90%）、硫柳汞（12.50%）、斯盘-80（11.11%）、癸基葡糖苷（10.53%）。多重致敏（≥3种阳性）患者占14.29%，其转归较单一致敏者差，仅27.27%皮损完全好转或痊愈。结论：特殊化妆品不良反应以女性的面部接触性皮炎为主，染发类产品为主要可疑产品，应加强网购特殊化妆品监管。斑贴试验有助于明确致敏原，对多重致敏患者应重视皮肤屏障修复与过敏原规避。

关键词: 斑贴试验, 特殊化妆品, 化妆品不良反应

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and patch test results of adverse reactions induced by special use cosmetics. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on cases of adverse reactions caused by special use cosmetics reported to our hospital from October 2022 to January 2026. Data on patient demographics, clinical features, suspected cosmetic products, and patch test results were summarized and analyzed. Results: A total of 603 cases of adverse reactions to special cosmetics were identified, predominantly in females (85.41%). Cosmetic contact dermatitis was the most common reaction type (96.68%). Hair dye products accounted for the highest proportion of suspected products (34.33%), with most purchased online (73.13%). An analysis was conducted on 77 patients who completed the patch test.The top five allergens identified by patch testing were gallate mixture (16.67%), diazolidinyl urea (12.90%), thimerosal (12.50%), sorbitan monooleate (Span-80) (11.11%), and decyl glucoside (10.53%). Patients with multiple sensitizations (≥3 positive allergens) accounted for 14.29% and had poorer outcomes, with only 27.27% achieving complete remission or cure. Conclusion: Adverse reactions to special cosmetics predominantly manifest as facial contact dermatitis in females, with hair dye products being the main culprit. Stricter regulation of online special cosmetics is needed. Patch testing is valuable for identifying allergens, and for patients with multiple sensitizations, skin barrier repair and allergen avoidance should be prioritized.

Key words: patch test, special use cosmetics, adverse reactions to cosmetics