中国麻风皮肤病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 147-151.doi: 10.12144/zgmfskin202603147

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

3793例过敏性皮肤病患者过敏原特征回顾性分析

于功奇1,2,岳珊1,2,于永翔1,2,何艳青1,2,赵晴1,2,潘晴1,2,杨艺琳1,2,王川1,2,刘红1,2   

  1. 1山东第一医科大学附属皮肤病医院，山东济南,250022；2山东省皮肤病性病防治研究所，山东济南,250022
  • 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2026-03-09

Allergen sensitization profiles in allergic dermatitis patients: a retrospective clinical analysis of 3793 cases

YU Gongqi1,2, YUE Shan1,2, YU Yongxiang1,2, HE Yanqing1,2, ZHAO Qing1,2, PAN Qing1,2, YANG Yilin1,2, WANG Chuan1,2, LIU Hong1,2   

  1. 1 Dermatology Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250022,China; 2 Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250022,China
  • Online:2026-03-15 Published:2026-03-09

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摘要： 目的：分析我院3793例过敏性皮肤病患者过敏原检测结果，探究不同年龄和疾病中过敏原的分布，为临床诊治过敏性皮肤病提供参考。方法：回顾分析2023年2月至2024年4月来我院就诊的3793例过敏性皮肤病患者的检测结果及临床资料。采用 Phadia250 全自动荧光酶免疫检测系统（ImmunoCAP）对血清中tIgE和sIgE 进行检测。结果：3793例过敏性皮肤病患者中，不同性别、年龄分组中，湿疹、特应性皮炎、荨麻疹发病率的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。湿疹、特应性皮炎、荨麻疹tIgE阳性率分别49.7%、66.7%、70%，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），各种sIgE阳性率差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。学龄前组、学龄组和成年组中tIgE、食物混合、Phadiatop、蛋白、牛奶、虾、小麦、花生、坚果混合、户尘螨、粉尘螨、霉菌混合、动物皮毛屑混合、杂草类花粉混合、树花粉混合、屋尘混合阳性率差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论：不同年龄、不同过敏性皮肤病患者过敏原分布显著不同，吸入性过敏原检出率在学龄期人群中显著，食入性过敏原检出率在学龄前儿童人群中显著。

关键词: 过敏性皮肤病, 特异性IgE, 过敏原

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the allergen test results of 3793 patients with allergic dermatoses from the Dermatology Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, investigate the distribution of allergens across different age groups and disease types, and provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of allergic dermatoses. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the test results and clinical data of 3793 patients with allergic dermatoses who visited the hospital from February 2023 to April 2024. Serum total IgE (tIgE) and specific IgE (sIgE) were detected using the Phadia 250 ImmunoCAP System. Results: Among the 3793 patients with allergic dermatoses, the differences in the incidence rates of eczema, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria across different genders and age groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The positivity rates of tIgE for eczema, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria were 49.7%, 66.7%, and 70%, respectively, with statistically significant differences among the groups (P＜0.05). The positivity rates of various types of sIgE also showed statistically significant differences (Ps＜0.05). Among the preschool group, school-age group, and adult group, there were statistically significant differences in the positivity rates of tIgE, mixed food, Phadiatop, protein, milk, shrimp, wheat, peanut, mixed nuts, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides farinae, mixed molds, mixed animal dander, mixed weed pollen, mixed tree pollen, and mixed house dust (Ps＜0.05). Conclusion: The distribution of allergens varies significantly among patients of different ages and with different allergic dermatoses. The detection rate of inhalant allergens was significantly higher in school-age children, while the detection rate of ingestant allergens was significantly higher in preschool children.

Key words: allergic dermatoses, specific IgE, allergen