Abstract: Objective: To understand the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in Wenshan Prefecture from 2011 to 2024, and to provide a basis for formulating leprosy prevention and control measures. Methods: Data were collected from the National Leprosy Prevention and Control Management Information System (LEPMIS) and field epidemiological survey in Wenshan Prefecture from 2011 to 2024, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 539 leprosy cases were reported in Wenshan Prefecture from 2011 to 2024. The annual case detection rate decreased from 1.94/10⁵ to 0.32/10⁵ and the annual prevalence rate decreased from 8.71/10⁵ to 0.93/10⁵. The average annual incidence rate in males (1.38/10⁵) was significantly higher than that in females (0.75/10⁵, P＜0.001). Multibacillary leprosy accounted for 60.29% (mainly BL and BT types). Among 340 cases with confirmed infection sources, 268 cases were infected within households. Of the 539 patients, 501 were new cases, including 25 children aged 0-14 years (4.64%). Among new patients, the main detection method was passive detection (68.86%), with a mean delay period of 38.52 months, and there were 66 cases of grade 2 disability, corresponding to a grade 2 disability rate of 13.17%. Conclusion: Leprosy cases in Wenshan Prefecture from 2011 to 2024 were mainly multibacillary, and the number of detected leprosy cases showed a downward trend year by year, but there are still new childhood cases.

Key words: leprosy, epidemiological situation, Wenshan Prefecture