中国麻风皮肤病杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 654-658.doi: 10.12144/zgmfskin202509654

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

外出流动人群返乡体检发现麻风患者效果分析

尹丽娇*,何乔晶*,张春雨,周丽娟,陆胜清,王维维,余秀峰   

  1. 文山壮族苗族自治州皮肤病防治所（文山州皮肤病专科医院），云南文山，663099 *共同第一作者
  • 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-08

Effectiveness of returnee medical examinations in detecting leprosy patients among migrant populations

YIN Lijiao*, HE Qiaojing*, ZHANG Chunyu, ZHOU Lijuan, LU Shengqing, WANG Weiwei, YU Xiufeng   

  1. Wenshan Prefecture Dermatology Prevention and Treatment Institute (Wenshan Prefecture Dermatology Specialist Hospital), Wenshan 663099, China *Co-first authors
  • Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-09-08

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摘要： 目的：分析2011-2024年文山州外出流动人群通过返乡体检发现、其他方式发现及非流动人群发现的新发麻风病例的流行病学特征，探讨返乡体检在发现外出流动人群中麻风患者的作用。方法：回顾性收集2011-2024年文山州外出流动人群通过返乡体检、其他方式发现及非流动人群中发现的新发麻风病例的流行病学信息和临床资料，进行描述性分析。结果：2011-2024年，文山州外出流动人群新发麻风157例（31.34%），其中返乡体检发现36例（22.93%），其他方式发现121例（77.07%）。返乡体检发现的病例以男性、农民（含农民工）、苗族、初中及以下文化程度为主，平均年龄为(25.56±7.91)岁，型别以多菌型为主，病例属于有血缘关系的麻风家庭内密切接触者占50%，63.89%的病例来源于近10年内发现过麻风患者的村寨。返乡体检发现的病例2级畸残比和误诊率分别为11.11%和33.33%，均低于外出流动人群中其他方式发现的病例（14.88%、41.32%）。结论：返乡体检促进了外出流动麻风高危人群中麻风患者的早发现，减少了畸残的发生。

关键词: 麻风, 流动人群, 返乡体检

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of new leprosy cases detected through returnee medical examinations, other detection methods among migrant populations, and new leprosy cases detected among non-migrant populations in Wenshan Prefecture from 2011 to 2024, and to explore the role of returnee medical examinations in detecting leprosy patients among migrant populations. Methods: Retrospective collection of epidemiological information and clinical data of new leprosy cases detected through returnee medical examinations, other detection methods among migrant populations, and new leprosy cases detected among non-migrant populations in Wenshan Prefecture from 2011 to 2024 was conducted, followed by descriptive analysis. Results: From 2011 to 2024, there were 157 new leprosy cases in the migrant population of Wenshan Prefecture, accounting for 31.34%. Among them, 36 cases (22.93%) were detected through returnee medical examinations, and 121 cases (77.07%) were detected through other methods. The cases detected by returnee medical examinations were mainly male, farmers (including migrant workers), of Miao ethnicity, with education level of junior high school or below. The average age was 25.56±7.91. The type was mainly multibacillary. 50% of the cases were close contacts within leprosy families with blood relations, and 63.89% of the cases were from villages where leprosy patients had been found in the past 10 years. The rate of grade 2 disability and misdiagnosis rate of cases detected by returnee medical examinations were 11.11% and 33.33% respectively, both lower than those detected by other methods in the migrant population (14.88% and 41.32%). Conclusion: Returnee medical examinations promote the early detection of leprosy patients among high-risk migrant populations and reduce the occurrence of disabilities.

Key words: leprosy, migratory population, returnee medical examination