中国麻风皮肤病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 239-242.doi: 10.12144/zgmfskin202604239

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

文山州2011-2024年麻风流行病学特征分析

周丽娟1,何乔晶1,何珺2,尹丽娇1,张春雨1,陆胜清1   

  1. 1文山壮族苗族自治州皮肤病防治所，文山壮族苗族自治州皮肤病专科医院，云南文山, 663099; 2云南省疾病预防控制中心麻风病研究中心，云南昆明,650022
  • 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-07

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in Wenshan Prefecture (2011-2024)

ZHOU Lijuan1, HE Qiaojing1, HE Jun2, YIN Lijiao1, ZHANG Chunyu1, LU Shengqing1   

  1. 1 Wenshan Prefecture Dermatology Prevention and Treatment Institute (Wenshan Prefecture Dermatology Specialist Hospital), Wenshan 663099, China; 2 Leprosy Research Center, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
  • Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-07

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摘要： 目的：了解文山州2011-2024年麻风发病情况及流行病学特征，为制定麻风防控措施提供依据。方法：收集文山州2011-2024年全国麻风病防治管理信息系统（LEPMIS）及现场流行病学调查数据，采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计学分析。结果：文山州2011-2024年报告麻风患者539例，年发现率从1.94/105下降至0.32/105，年患病率从8.71/105下降至0.93/105；男性年均发病率（1.38/105）显著高于女性（0.75/105，P＜0.001）；多菌型占60.29%（以BL、BT型为主）；340例传染源明确，其中268例为家内感染。539例患者中新发501例，其中0-14岁25例（4.64%）。新发患者中发现途径以被动发现为主（68.86%），平均延迟期38.52个月,2级畸残66例，2级畸残率13.17%。结论：文山州2011-2024年麻风患者以多菌型为主，麻风发现病例数呈逐年下降趋势，但仍存在新发儿童麻风病例。

关键词: 麻风, 流行情况, 文山州

Abstract: Objective: To understand the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in Wenshan Prefecture from 2011 to 2024, and to provide a basis for formulating leprosy prevention and control measures. Methods: Data were collected from the National Leprosy Prevention and Control Management Information System (LEPMIS) and field epidemiological survey in Wenshan Prefecture from 2011 to 2024, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 539 leprosy cases were reported in Wenshan Prefecture from 2011 to 2024. The annual case detection rate decreased from 1.94/105 to 0.32/105 and the annual prevalence rate decreased from 8.71/105 to 0.93/105. The average annual incidence rate in males (1.38/105) was significantly higher than that in females (0.75/105, P＜0.001). Multibacillary leprosy accounted for 60.29% (mainly BL and BT types). Among 340 cases with confirmed infection sources, 268 cases were infected within households. Of the 539 patients, 501 were new cases, including 25 children aged 0-14 years (4.64%). Among new patients, the main detection method was passive detection (68.86%), with a mean delay period of 38.52 months, and there were 66 cases of grade 2 disability, corresponding to a grade 2 disability rate of 13.17%. Conclusion: Leprosy cases in Wenshan Prefecture from 2011 to 2024 were mainly multibacillary, and the number of detected leprosy cases showed a downward trend year by year, but there are still new childhood cases.

Key words: leprosy, epidemiological situation, Wenshan Prefecture