中国麻风皮肤病杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 717-719.doi: 10.12144/zgmfskin202510717

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2010-2023年南充市新发麻风病例流行特征分析

沈琴琴,田洪瑞,唐伟   

  1. 南充市疾病预防控制中心，四川南充，637000
  • 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-09-26

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of newly reported leprosy cases in Nanchong City from 2010 to 2023

SHEN Qinqin, TIAN Hongrui, TANG Wei   

  1. Nanchong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchong 637000, China
  • Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-09-26

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摘要： 目的：了解2010-2023年南充市新发麻风病例的流行特征，为科学防治麻风提供依据。方法：收集2010-2023年南充市新发麻风患者的病例资料，通过描述流行病学方法分析南充市新发麻风的三间分布和疾病特征。结果：2010-2023年南充市新发麻风病例45例，年均新发现率0.05/105。14年间南充市麻风新发现率总体呈下降趋势，APC为-51.23%（t=-2.79，P＜0.05）。男女性别比为2∶1，以农民为主（73.33%）。病例主要集中在40~59岁年龄段（44.44%）。除嘉陵区和西充县外，其余7个县（市、区）均有新发麻风病例，居前3位的为阆中市、南部县、营山县，占全市66.67%。发现方式以皮肤科就诊为主（60%），延迟病例26例，平均延迟时间86.88个月。型别以多菌型为主（97.78%），14年间2级畸残比为31.11%。传染来源于家内者28.89%，来源不明者71.11%。 文化程度与诊断延迟时间呈负相关性（r=-0.36，P＜0.05），畸残情况与诊断时间呈正相关性（r=0.54，P＜0.05）。结论：南充市麻风疫情处于低流行状态，以男性、中年人群、农民为主。发现方式主要为被动发现，发现延迟比例较高。

关键词: 麻风, 流行特征

Abstract: Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed leprosy cases in Nanchong City from 2010 to 2023 and provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of leprosy. Methods: The data of newly diagnosed leprosy patients in Nanchong City from 2010 to 2023 were collected. The three - dimensional distribution and characteristics of newly diagnosed leprosy cases in Nanchong City were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results: From 2010 to 2023, there were 45 newly diagnosed leprosy cases in Nanchong City, with an average annual new-detection rate of 0.05/105. The overall new-detection rate of leprosy in Nanchong City showed a downward trend in the 14-year period, with an annual percentage change (APC) of -51.23% (t=-2.79, P＜0.05). The male-to-female ratio was 2∶1, and the majority were farmers (73.33%). The cases were mainly concentrated in the 40-59 age group (44.44%). Except for Jialing District and Xichong County, there were newly diagnosed leprosy cases in the other 7 counties (cities, districts). The top three regions were Langzhong City, Nanbu County, and Yingshan County, accounting for 66.67% of the city's total. The main way of detection was through dermatology clinic visits (60%). There were 26 delayed cases, with an average delay time of 86.88 months. The majority of cases were of the multibacillary type (97.78%), and the proportion of grade 2 disabilities was 31.11% in the 14-year period. The source of infection was from within the family in 28.89% of cases, and unknown in 71.11% of cases. There was a negative correlation between educational level and diagnostic delay time (r=-0.36, P＜0.05), and a positive correlation between disability status and diagnostic time (r=0.54, P＜0.05). Conclusion: The leprosy epidemic in Nanchong City is at a low-prevalence level, mainly affecting males, middle-aged people, and farmers. The main way of detection is passive, and the proportion of delayed detection is relatively high.

Key words: leprosy, epidemiological characteristics