中国麻风皮肤病杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 793-796.doi: 10.12144/zgmfskin202511793

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2008-2024年汉中市新发麻风诊断延迟情况分析

夏小乐1,马辛瑶1,钟鸣2,徐敏1,张志强1   

  1. 1汉中市疾病预防控制中心，陕西汉中，723000；2汉中市南郑区疾病预防控制中心，陕西汉中，723100
  • 出版日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2025-11-07

Analysis of delayed diagnosis of newly diagnosed leprosy in Hanzhong City from 2008 to 2024

XIA Xiaole1, MA Xinyao1, ZHONG Ming2, XU Min1, ZHANG Zhiqiang1   

  1. 1 Hanzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hanzhong 723000, China; 2 Hanzhong Nanzheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hanzhong 723100, China
  • Online:2025-11-15 Published:2025-11-07

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摘要： 目的：了解汉中市2008-2024年新发麻风病例诊断延迟情况，为今后制定防控措施提供依据。方法：采用描述性流行病学方法，对汉中市2008-2024年新发麻风病例资料进行分析，了解病例年龄、性别、职业、发现方式、传染来源、型别分布及诊断延迟与2级畸残的关系。结果：汉中市2008-2024年新发麻风102例，其中2级畸残47例，2级畸残比46.08%。2008-2024年新发率从0.20/105下降至0.06/105，患病率从2.39/105下降至0.59/105。平均诊断延迟期(64.50±79.38)个月，诊断延迟期在6个月以内、6~24个月和24个月以上的2级畸残比分别为10%、39%、47%，差异具有统计学意义（χ2=56.53，P＜0.001）。结论：汉中市麻风疫情近年来呈逐年下降趋势，目前处于低流行状态。麻风诊断延迟是发生2级畸残的重要因素，诊断延迟期越长2级畸残比越高，因此加大麻风早期发现工作力度，是降低畸残的重要手段。

关键词: 麻风, 诊断延迟, 畸残

Abstract: Objective: To understand the delayed diagnosis of new cases of leprosy in Hanzhong City from 2008 to 2024, and to provide a basis for formulating prevention and control measures in the future. Methods: A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of newly reported leprosy cases in Hanzhong City from 2008 to 2024, focusing on the age, gender, occupation, detection method, source of infection, type distribution of the cases, and the relationship between diagnostic delay and grade 2 disabilities. Results: A total of 102 new leprosy cases were reported in Hanzhong City from 2008 to 2024, including 47 cases with grade 2 disabilities, with a grade 2 disability rate of 46.08%. From 2008 to 2024, the new case rate decreased from 0.20/105 to 0.06/105, and the prevalence rate decreased from 2.39/105 in 2008 to 0.59/105 in 2024. The average diagnostic delay was 64.50 ± 79.38 months. The grade 2 disability rates for diagnostic delays within 6 months, between 6 and 24 months, and over 24 months were 10%, 39%, and 47% respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ2=56.53, P＜0.001). Conclusion: The leprosy epidemic in Hanzhong City has shown a decreasing trend year by year in recent years and is currently in a state of low endemicity. Diagnostic delay of leprosy is an important factor leading to grade 2 disabilities, and the longer the diagnostic delay, the higher the proportion of grade 2 disabilities. Therefore, strengthening the work of early detection of leprosy is an important means to reduce disabilities.

Key words: leprosy, diagnostic delay, disability