中国麻风皮肤病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 605-609.doi: 10.12144/zgmfskin202608605

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HLA位点相关免疫检查点抑制剂免疫相关不良反应研究进展

沈山河,刘棋彬,毕新岭   

  1. 海军军医大学第一附属医院（上海长海医院），上海，200433
  • 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-03

Research progress of HLA loci in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse reactions

SHEN Shanhe, LIU Qibin, BI Xinling   

  1. First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changhai Hospital), Shanghai 200433, China
  • Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-03

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摘要： 免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）在恶性肿瘤治疗中疗效显著，但可引发多器官免疫相关不良反应（irAEs），人类白细胞抗原（HLA）作为免疫反应过程中的关键基因，与irAEs的关联性备受关注。本文综述了HLA位点参与药物不良反应的核心机制及HLA位点与ICIs相关皮肤、胰腺、肝脏、肺、肠道等多系统irAEs的关联性，其中重点归纳了与皮肤irAEs的关联性，以期为指导临床安全用药及优化治疗提供参考。

关键词: 人类白细胞抗原, 免疫检查点抑制剂, 免疫相关不良反应, 皮肤不良反应

Abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) exert remarkable therapeutic effects in the treatment of malignant tumors, yet they may trigger immune-related adverse events (irAEs) involving multiple organs. As key genes in immune responses, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) has attracted extensive attention for its correlation with irAEs. This paper reviews the core mechanisms of HLA loci participating in adverse drug reactions, as well as their associations with multi-system irAEs induced by ICIs, including cutaneous, pancreatic, hepatic, pulmonary and intestinal injuries. It mainly summarizes the correlation between HLA loci and cutaneous irAEs, aiming to provide references for safe clinical medication and treatment optimization.

Key words: human leukocyte antigen, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune-related adverse events, immune-related cutaneous adverse events