中国麻风皮肤病杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 427-431.doi: 10.12144/zgmfskin202606427

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

1985-2024年遂宁市不同阶段新发麻风病例流行特征变化分析

袁菁,鲜浩东,梁爱兵   

  1. 遂宁市疾病预防控制中心，四川遂宁，629000
  • 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-04

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of new leprosy cases in Suining city from 1985 to 2024

YUAN Jing, XIAN Haodong, LIANG Aibing   

  1. Suining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suining 629000, China
  • Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-04

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摘要： 目的：回顾性分析遂宁市1985-2024年新发麻风病例流行特征，为优化当地麻风防控策略提供科学依据。方法：收集汇总《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》子系统《全国性病麻风病防治管理信息系统》中遂宁市1985-2024年新发麻风病例资料，将研究时间划分为基本消灭期（1985-2000年）、成果巩固期（2001-2010年）、消除危害期（2011-2024年）三个阶段。采用描述性统计、卡方检验分析不同防控阶段的遂宁市新发麻风病例的流行病学特征及其变化。结果：1985-2024年遂宁市共发现新发麻风病例78例，年均发现率为0.06/105，研究期间新发麻风年均发现率呈下降趋势（χ2趋势=10.276，P=0.001），年均递降率为4.82%。基本消灭期、成果巩固期、消除危害期病例发现延迟构成比分别为74.42%、43.48%、50.00%；神经损害比例分别为81.40%、52.17%、58.33%；2级畸残比分别为11.63%、0.00%、25.00%；病例失访率分别为16.28%、26.09%、8.33%。病例发现方式在基本消灭期与消除危害期以被动发现为主，在成果巩固期以主动发现为主（χ2=10.756，P=0.005）。结论：遂宁市麻风防控工作取得显著成效，当前全市麻风疫情呈低流行态势，病例失访率、病例发现延迟明显下降。

关键词: 麻风, 防控阶段, 流行病学特征, 发现延迟, 遂宁

Abstract: Objective: A retrospective analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and trends of newly diagnosed leprosy cases in Suining City since its establishment, so as to provide scientific evidence for optimizing the local leprosy prevention and control strategies. Methods: Newly diagnosed leprosy cases in Suining City from 1985 to 2024 were collected and compiled from the National STD and Leprosy Prevention and Control Management Information System, a subsystem of the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.The study period was divided into three phases: the basic elimination phase (1985-2000), the achievement consolidation phase (2001-2010), and the hazard elimination phase (2011-2024). Descriptive statistics, the chi-square test were adopted to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and their changes of newly diagnosed leprosy cases in Suining City across different prevention and control stages. Results: From 1985 to 2024, a total of 78 new leprosy cases were identified in Suining City, with an average annual detection rate of 0.06 per 100,000 people. During the study period, the annual average detection rate of new leprosy showed a downward trend (χ2 trend = 10.276, P = 0.001), with an average annual decline rate of 4.82%.The delayed case detection rates during the period of basic elimination, consolidation of achievements, and hazard elimination were 74.42%,43.48%, and 50.00%, respectively; the proportions of neurological damage were 81.40%,52.17%, and 58.33%; the rates of grade 2 deformities were 11.63%,0.00%, and 25.00%; and the case loss-to-follow-up rates were 16.28%,26.09%, and 8.33%, respectively. Case detection methods were predominantly passive during the periods of basic elimination and hazard elimination, while active detection was the primary approach during the consolidation of achievements phase (χ2=10.756, P=0.005). Conclusion: The leprosy prevention and control work in Suining City has achieved remarkable results. At present, the city's leprosy epidemic is in a state of low prevalence, with the case loss-to-follow-up rate and case detection delay dropping significantly.

Key words: leprosy, intervention stage, epidemiological characteristics, discovery delay, Suining