Abstract: Objective: To analyze the drug resistance status of HIV-1 infected patients after antiretroviral therapy and provide a basis for improving the treatment effect of patients. Methods: The demographic information of 95 HIV-1 infected patients in our hospital from January 2021 to April 2024 was collected. Blood samples were collected from the patients before and after medication, and the T lymphocyte count, HIV RNA load and genotypic drug resistance were detected to analyze the drug resistance status of HIV-1 infected patients in Nanjing. Results: Among the 95 patients, there were 61 newly diagnosed patients and 34 previously treated patients. A total of 190 samples were collected, including 91 of CRF01_AE type, 46 of B/C recombinant subtype, 24 of B type, 7 of CRF07_BC type, 7 of A1 type, 5 of CRF55_01B type and 10 of other types. The CD4+ T lymphocyte count and CD4+/CD8+ ratio of CRF01_AE type and CRF55_01B type were lower than those of other types (P＜0.05); the gene mutation frequency of A1 type was relatively high, while that of B/C recombinant type was relatively low. The mutation rates of K65, M184 and V106 sites in the reverse transcription region increased significantly in 32.79% newly diagnosed patients, and the drug pressure of nucleoside and non-nucleoside drugs increased significantly (P＜0.05). There was no significant change in the T lymphocyte count of all patients in the short term (P＞0.05). Conclusion: The drug resistance rate of newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected patients after treatment increases significantly. Baseline drug resistance should be detected before ART, and appropriate drugs should be selected to reduce the viral load of patients and the occurrence frequency of drug resistance.

Key words: HIV-1 RNA, drug resistance, T lymphocyte count