中国麻风皮肤病杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 82-85.doi: 10.12144/zgmfskin202302082

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

低流行状态下老年麻风患者的临床和流行病学特征研究

李鸽1，2,3*,张宇晨4*,宋运龙1,张虹2，3,王耀斐1,王冠2   

  1. 1陕西省地方病防治研究所，西安，710003；2陕西省皮肤性病防治所，西安，710003；3西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院，西安，710061；4陕西省疾病预防控制中心，西安，710054 *共同第一作者
  • 出版日期:2023-02-15 发布日期:2022-12-27

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of elderly leprosy patients in low prevalence of leprosy

LI Ge1,2,3*, ZHANG Yuchen4*, SONG Yunlong1, ZHANG Hong2,3, WANG Yaofei1, WANG Guan2   

  1. 1 Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Control, Xi'an 710003, China;
    2 Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Skin Disease and STD Control , Xi'an 710003, China;
    3 School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China;
    4 Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710054, China
    * Co-first authors
  • Online:2023-02-15 Published:2022-12-27

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摘要： 目的：了解陕西省老年麻风患者临床和流行病特征。方法：通过中国麻风管理信息系统(LEPMIS)，对陕西省2004年1月至2022年1月收治的麻风患者进行回顾性描述性研究。结果：2004年1月至2022年1月期间，该地区共收治新发麻风病例323例，其中54例（16.7%）≥60岁，平均年龄为67.0岁，77.8%为男性；96.3%为低收入人群，57.4%文化程度低下（文盲或半文盲），79.6%有婚史，29.6%为家内传染。 70.4%查菌结果为阳性，其中多菌型比例高达83.3%。虽然确诊时存在严重皮损（皮损>5块）的患者比例高达75.9%，存在严重神经损害（神经≥2条损害）的比例高达68.5%，二级畸残的比例高达53.7%，但 83.3%的患者确诊时无明显的麻风反应。结论：本地区老年麻风患者伴随严重的皮肤、神经损害及畸残风险,提示在此人群中可能存在较长的诊断延迟期。

关键词: 麻风, 老年, 流行病学

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the epidemic and clinical features of leprosy cases among the elderly population reported in Shaanxi Province. Methods: Descriptive analysis of data of leprosy patients in Shaanxi Province from January 2004 to January 2022 through LEPMIS were performed. Results: 323 new leprosy cases were found, of which 54 cases (16.7%) were elderly patients (over 60 years old), with an average age of 67.0 years old. Among these elderly patients, 77.8% were males, 96.3% of the elderly patients were low-income population, 57.4% had low education level (illiterate or semi-illiterate), 79.6% had marriage history, and 29.6% were infected at home, 70.4% were positive for bacteria, with the proportion of multi-bacteria type as high as 83.3%. Although the proportion of serious skin lesions (skin lesions > 5) was as high as 75.9%, the proportion of serious nerve lesions (nerves ≥2 lesions) was as high as 68.5%, and the proportion of secondary deformity was as high as 53.7%, there were still 83.3% had no leper reaction. Conclusion: The elderly patients with leprosy have more serious skin and nerve damage, and at the same time, and the high risk of disability, which suggests that there may be a long delay in diagnosis in this population.

Key words: leprosy, aged, epidemiology