Abstract: Objective: To analyze and evaluate the epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control effects of leprosy new cases in Mianyang City, providing a basis for formulating relevant prevention and treatment strategies. Methods: The data of the leprosy new cases in Mianyang City from LEPMIS from 2013 to 2023 were analyzed by SPSS 21.0, the epidemiological characteristics of new leprosy cases were described and compared. Results: From 2013 to 2023, there were 44 new cases of leprosy were reported in Mianyang City, with the annual incidence rate decreasing from 0.17/10⁵ to 0.02/10⁵ (χ2=5.289, P<0.05). Among the new cases, 17 (38.64%) had grade 2 disabilities, and 43 cases (97.73%) were treated with the multidrug therapy (MB). The male-to-female ratio was 3∶1, with 2 new cases in children, and the majority of patients were farmers (70.45%). The source of infection was unknown in 33 cases (75%). Conclusion: The incidence of leprosy cases in Mianyang City has been decreasing year by year from 2013 to 2023. The grade 2 disability rate of new leprosy cases is relatively high, and there are still cases of children.

Key words: leprosy new cases, epidemic characteristics, prevention and treatment effects