Abstract: Objective: To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of advanced AIDS patients with mpox. Methods: The clinical data of 7 patients with advanced AIDS complicated with mpox admitted to our hospital from June 2023 to July 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All 7 patients were gay men with a median age of 30 years and a median CD4+ T lymphocyte count of 90/μL. The rashes of 7 patients were mainly eschar and ulcer. Complications occurred in 5 cases, of which 3 cases had skin and soft tissue infection and perianal complications mainly anal fistula. Three cases had opportunistic infection, mainly cytomegalovirus (CMV). All 7 patients received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT), 2 patients did not adhere to HARRT treatment after discharge, of which one died, another was re-infected with Marneffei bacillus, and 5 patients who insisted on HARRT were cured and had an increase in the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Conclusion: Patients with advanced AIDS complicated with mpox have severe rashes and more complications, and can obtain immune reestablishment by adhering to HARRT treatment.

Key words: AIDS, mpox, HARRT, immune reconstitution