Angiogenesis is an important branch of vascular system, which plays an important role in physiology and pathology. The complex process of angiogenesis includes many kinds of cytokines, signal pathways, gene regulation. The relationship and role of hypoxia inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1 α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Notch signaling pathway in the angiogenesis are reviewed in this paper.

Tranexamic acid is a common antifibrinolytic drug, which is widely used in hemophilia patients after tooth extraction to stop bleeding, other surgical operations or acute trauma hemostasis, menorrhagia and other diseases. More and more studies have demonstrated that it not only has the effect of anti-secondary fibrinolysis, but also has the effects of anti-angiogenesis, inhibiting melanin synthesis, anti-inflammation, anti-allergy, improving skin natural aging and photoaging. Tranexamic acid has a therapeutic effect on many kinds of dermatosis, such as melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, Riehl's melanosis, etc. The mechanism of action, efficacy, adverse reactions and safety of tranexamic acid in the treatment of skin diseases is reviewed in this paper.

Retinoids are a kind of derivatives of vitamin A, and have an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, regulating immunity, inhibiting-inflammation, reducing sebaceous gland secretion, and inducing cell apoptosis. Retinoids are currently divided into four generations and widely used in psoriasis and inflammatory dermatoses, disorders of the sebaceous and apocrine glands, disorders of epidermal differentiation and keratinization, premalignant and malignant lesinons and other diseases. Topical retinoids cause skin reactions, and the adverse reactions of systemic retinoids dermatherapy mainly include mucocutaneous effects, teratogenicity, musculoskeletal effects and impacts on liver function and lipid levels.

The etiology and pathogenesis of vitiligo has not been fully clarified, which involves  genetics, autoimmune mechanisms, oxidative stress and environmental factors. Suitable animal models are the bases of pathogenesis study. Compared with the spontaneous vitiligo models, induced vitiligo models can be more capable to simulate the pathogenesis and influencing factors of vitiligo. The update of  vitiligo animal models is reviewed in this paper.

Objective: To investigate the treating effect and action principle of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on androgenetic alopecia (AGA) mice. Methods: Forty male C57BL/6 mice were selected and divided into 4 groups, blank group, model group, positive group and PNS group, 10 mice in each group. The androgen alopecia animal models successfully established after treated with testosterone propionate. The mice in the positive group, PNS group were treated with corresponding drugs and the mice in the model and blank group were treated with distilled water solution. The amount of hair follicles, terminal hair follicles, and vellus hair follicles in the hair loss area was assessed. The concentrations of testosterone and VEGF in the serum, VEGF and TGF-β1 in the skin tissue were detected. Results: Compared with the blank group, the amount of hair follicles, terminal hair follicles, and vellus hair follicles were less, the level of VEGF was lower and TGF-β1 was higher in the model group, with significant differences (Ps<0.01). Compared with the model group, the amount of hair follicles, terminal hair follicles, and vellus hair follicles were more, the level of VEGF was higher and TGF-β1 was lower in the PNS group, with significant differences (Ps<0.05). Conclusion: PNS can improve the C57BL/6AGA mouse AGA, which may be related to the level of VEGF increase  and TGF-β1 decrease.

Recent studies showed that the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a high risk of suffering from tuberculosis (TB). The mechanism of drug therapy and complication of SLE play an important role on the occurrence and development of TB. The correlation between SLE and TB is reviewed in this paper.

As a new type of drug, small molecule targeted drugs, such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE) inhibitors, and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, are at the stage of clinical trials for the treatment of skin diseases. In order to further improve the efficacy, reduce adverse reactions and treatment costs, small molecular targeted drugs which block the specific cytokines have applied in many refractory skin diseases. The update of small molecular targeted drugs in the treatment for dermatosis is reviewed in this article.

Penicillin has always been the first-line medication for the treatment of syphilis. The substitutes include the third generation cephalosporins, macrolides and tetracyclines. Macrolide-resistant Treponema pallidum (Tp) strains have been prevalent in many regions of the world. In recent years, cases of failure in the treatment of syphilis with tetracyclines have been reported, but the tetracyclines resistance is not widespread. The updata of prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Tp, the reported mutations and the potential molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance of Tp is reviewed in this paper.

The pathogenesis of AD is complicated and the dysfunction of immunology is the key of onset of AD. In this article, the cytokines associated with the pathogenesis of AD in recent years are reviewed

With the progress of the research on the pathogenesis of vitiligo, a series of drugs targeting specific immune pathways and molecules also made some improvements in recent years. Topical Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor facilitates repigmentation of vitiligo lesions in a phase II clinical trial. Interventions targeting IL-15R (CD122), inducible heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70i), NLRP3 inflammasome and WNT proteins have also shown definite efficacy in cell or animal models. The update of targeted therapy of vitiligo in recent five years on the aspects of therapeutic mechanism, efficacy and safety is reviewed in this paper.

Objective: To explore the characteristics and trends of syphilis infection in Shandong province, providing scientific evidence for the control strategy of syphilis. Methods: The data of the patients with syphilis from 16 prefecture-level cities in Shandong province from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed, including incidence, proportion, annual growth rate and distribution. Chi-square test was used to explore the incidence trend of syphilis. Results: The incidence of syphilis increased from 6.15 per 100 thousand in 2010 to 20.24 per 100 thousand in 2019, showing a year-on-year growth trend (χ2=12475.40, P<0.01), with an average annual growth rate of 14.15%. In particular, the cases of latent syphilis showed the fastest rate of growth, from 31.98% in 2010 to 74.28% in 2019. The high-incidence areas were Weihai, Qingdao in the eastern coastal area, and the Zaozhuang in the southern area, with an average annual incidence of more than 20 per 100 thousand person-years. The number of female patients was higher than that of males, with an average male/female ratio of 0.89∶1. The peak age was 20-35 years, accounting for 39.41%, and the incidence increased the fastest in the cases of 60-79 years, with an average annual growth rate of 22.82%. Of the 20 occupational groups, peasant was the most (43.94%). Conclusion: The incidence of syphilis, especially latent syphilis, in Shandong Province increase rapidly. It is necessary to strengthen the screening of syphilis, especially in the high incidence areas and high incidence population.

A 41-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of scattered tender nodules, plaques in his trunk and lower limbs. Before the onset of lesions, he was injured on the lateral right thigh and swam in a river. Histopathological examination revealed a dermal infectious granuloma. Mycobacterium fortuitum was confirmed by bacteria identification and PCR. No immunological or infection-related mutation was found by whole exome sequencing. The diagnosis of infectious granuloma due to Mycobacterium fortuitum was made. The patient was treated with levofloxacin, clarithromycin, abscess incision, drainage etc., and the condition improved obviously.

Objective: To study the correlation between HIV-1 infection and gene polymorphisms of CCR5, CCR2, CXCR4 and SDF1 as HIV coreceptors in population of men who have sex with men (MSM) of Han nationality in Shandong Province. Methods:HIV-1 antibody positive cases from MSM were collected in the case group, and HIV antibody negative cases were collected in the control group. The mutations of allelic polymorphisms of △32 (rs333) and 59029A/G(rs1799987) of C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), as well as of the gene exon regions of CCR2, SDF1 and CXCR4 were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. The differences in genotype distribution between the case group and the control group were compared, and  correlation of the differences with HIV-1 infection was analyzed. Results: There were 102 patients and 91 cases in the case group and control group. Heterozygous and homozygous mutations were not detected at rs333. The genotype difference between the case group and the control group of rs1799987A/G locus variation could be the risk factor of the HIV-1 infection ［OR=2.998, 95% CI: 1.034-8.696］. The mutation frequencies of rs1799987A/G, rs1799864, rs1799865 and CXCR4, SDF1 are 59.59%, 19.95%, 26.61%, 11.92% and 0.26%, respectively. There was a significant difference of polymorphism analysis of sequencing products of the third exon of CCR2 between the case group and the control group, which had no correlation with the HIV-1 infection. Conclusion:There is no △32 mutation of CCR5 gene and protective effect on HIV-1 infection among MSM. The allelic mutation frequency of 59029A/G is high (59.59%) . There was no correlation between HIV-1 infection and the gene polymorphisms of CCR5, CCR2, SDF1 and CXCR4.

A case of onychomatricoma was reported and related literature was reviewed. A 54-year-old male presented with 10-year history of thickening and xanthonychia of nail plate on the right second fingernail. Histopathological examination showed the nail plate thickening, proximal matrix cells V-shaped proliferation, distal zone papillary projection along nail plate covered by eosinophilic keratogenous zone, exudation and crusting on part of tip of papilloma, spindle cells accumulated with scattered mast cells in upper dermis, in deep dermis fibres and fibrocytes proliferated that arranged parallel to the epidermis. Immunohistochemistry showed CD34 positive in spindle cells, S-100, F XIIIa, CD68, and CK7 negative. The diagnosis of onychomatricoma was made. The patient was treated with complete surgical excision of the tumor with no recurrence after 10 months follow-up.

Topical dermatologic drugs take effect at the target skin and the bioequivalence study methods for orally administrated drugs may not be applicable to topical dermatologic drug. Currently, vasoconstrictor assay （VCA）has been approved by FDA, but which is only applied?to glucocorticoid drugs. The bioequivalence of other topical preparations is evaluated through clinical end-point trials. FDA is still trying to explore other methods for bioavailability, such as tape stripping, dermal microdialysis, open flow perfusion and in vitro studies. The update of above methods is reviewed in this article.

Objective: To identify the normal range of fungus cloning in different body site of healthy skin and lesions of inflammatory dermatosis. Methods: The patients with psoriasis, eczema, atopic dermatosis and pityriasis rosea were collected. The fungus in different sites including sebaceous sites (face, chest and back), moist sites (bend of elbow, back of knee and groin), dry sites (volar forearm and palm) and scalp of patients and healthy controls were detected by fluorescence staining, and the number of fungi in 30 microscopic areas were counted and statistically analyzed using R 3.5.3. Results: Four hundred and fifty seven patients and 888 controls were collected. The positivity rate of fungi on the scalp and sebaceous sites of healthy volunteers were 95% and 96% highest, which on the plantar was the lowest (44.29 %). The positivity rate of fungi in the sebaceous or oily site of patients with eczema, psoriasis and pityriasis rosea were 77.05%, 66.67% and 91.42%, which were higher than that in the dry site (58.93%，47.62%，57.89%). The positivity rate of fungi in the scalp, sebaceous sites, dry sites in the healthy controls were higher than that in the corresponding sites of the patients with inflammatory dermatosis, with significant differences (Ps<0.05). There was a signitficant different of the amount of fungi among the sebaceous sites, moist sites, dry sites and scalpe in the healthy controls (P<0.05). The number of spores in the sebum area was the highest in the 18-44 age group. Conclusion: The spores and fungal infection rates in different sites are different. The number of fungal spores in the lesions of the patients with psoriasis, eczema, atopic dermatosis and pityriasis rosea were less than that in healthy controls.

Objective: To identify the main pathogenic components of facial contact dermatitis patients. Methods: The data of the patients with facial contact dermatitis who underwent patch testing and photopatch testing at our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results: 51 patients were performed patch testing with the Chinese standard allergens and cosmetic allergens, and the overall positive rate was 96%. The allergens, in order of positivity rate were nickel sulfate (47.1%), cobalt chloride (35.3%), methylisothiazolinone (27.5%), textile dye mixture (19.6%), octyl gallate (19.6%), rosin (13.7%), p-phenylenediamine (13.7%), thiomersal (13.7%), tert butyl hydroquinone (13.7%) and dodecyl gallate (13.7%). 46 patients completed photosensitivity test and photopatch test, of them, photosensitivity in 14 cases (30.43%). 7 cases were sensitive to UVA (15.22%) and 8 cases were sensitive to UVB (17.39%). The positivity rate of photopatch test was 19.6%. The common allergens of photopatch were etophenate (6.5%), decyl glucoside (6.5%) and crestrezole trisiloxane (4.3%).  Conclusion: Preservatives, spices, heavy metals, emulsifiers, surfactants and other raw materials in cosmetics may cause contact sensitization. Patients with facial cosmetic dermatitis may have photosensitive reaction and photoallergy. Comprehensive patch test can provide a reliable reference for patients with facial cosmetic dermatitis.

The data of the soldiers bited by fire ant on a reclaimed reef of South China Sea from Health Statistics Report and the outpatient records of the hospital on island from January 2019 to January 2020 were analyzed respectively. One hundred and ten cases were collected. Of the patients, 11 cases developed anaphylactic, 71 cases had moderate allergy while 28 patients had mild allergy. The sites of the bite were hands in 41 cases, legs and feet in 60 cases, face and neck in 9 cases. The sites of the bite were most on exposed area and some patients had severe symptoms. The anti-termites and defense action should be carried out.

The prevention and treatment of skin photoaging are hot topics in current researches. Various anti-photoaging drugs, chemical strippers, physical therapy, injection filling and other methods can improve symptoms of skin photoaging. The update of various treatments for skin photoaging is reviewed in this paper in order to provide references for the treatment of skin photoaging.

Objective: To analyse the characteristics of the anti-centromere antibody (ACA) positive patients with autoimmunity disease. Methods: The data of the autoimmunity disease patients with anti-centromere antibody (ACA) detected by indirect immunofluorescence in our hospital from January, 2020 to June 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into ACA positive group and ACA negative group, and the gender, age, clinical diagnosis, antinuclear antibody spectrum, immunological index, manifestations were compared between the two group. Results: 53 cases with ACA positive and 31 cases with ACA negative were analyzed. The average age of ACA positive group was 59.85±11.79, which was higher than ACA negative group (P＜0.05). The proportion of high titer（≥1∶1000）of ACA antibody titer, anti CENP-B antibody and anti AMA-M2 antibody in ACA positive gruop was 98.11%, 94.34% and 22.64%, which were higher than those in ACA negative gruop (77.42%, 6.45% and 6.45%) (Ps＜0.05). The average serum IgG level was 11.22±5.36 g/L in ACA positive group which was lower than ACA negative group (P<0.05). The ratio of the patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, cardiovascular involvement was 43.40% and 33.96% in ACA positive group, which was higher than those in ACA negative group (P<0.05). Conclusion:The characteristics of ACA positive patients with autoimmunity disease include older onset age, higher ACA antibody titer, AMA-M2 antibody level and CENP-B antibody level, easy to complicated with Raynaud's phenomenon and cardiovascular diseases, lower serum IgG level. The pathogenesis mechanism of ACA in autoimmunity diseases deserves more deeply study.

Objective: To analyze the distribution of onychomycosis strains in 334 cases with onychomycosis. Methods: One thousand and seven samples were cultured and identified for fungal infections. Results: Three hundred and thirty-three samples were positive, with a positivity rate of 33.17%. One hundred and forty-eight samples belonged to dermatophytes strain, and trichophyton rubrum was the most (136 samples). One hundred and eight samples belonged to saccharomycetes strain, and candida albicans was the most (335 samples). Seventy-eight samples belonged to mycete and aspergillus was the most (49 samples). The main strain in the patients younger than 55 years was dermatophytes and that in the patients older than 55 years was saccharomycetes. The main strain in the samples obtained in finger nails was saccharomycetes (52.34%) and that obteined in toenail was dermatophytes (58.74%). Conclusion: The main strains of the patients were dermatophytes and saccharomycetes and the distribution of pathogenic strains were associated with the age and the sites of the infections.

Objective: To understand the cognition and behavior of female on skin care in Weifang. Methods: The female patients and their accompanying staff in Weifang third-grade hospital, female college students, graduate students and consumers in shopping malls were investigated by by self-made questionnaire. Results: (1) A total of 628 participants were investigated, including 302 in youth group (15-29 years), 217 in middle-young-aged group (30-39 years), 77 in middle-aged group (40-49 years), 32 in quinquagenarian group (50-59 years). The results showed that most of them had some knowledge about skin health, but had little knowledge about the hazards of sun exposure and the types of UV protection. (2) The facial cleansing product use rate in the youth group (88.7%) was higher than that in the other groups. And the use rate in the oily skin group (91.8%) was higher than that in the dry skin group and neutral skin group (P<0.05). (3) The use rate of moisturizing products in dry skin group (95.1%) was higher than that in mixed and oily skin group (P<0.05). And the use rate in youth group (93.4%) was higher than that in middle-young-aged group and middle-aged group. (4) The sunscreen products use rate in middle-young-aged group (52.15%) was higher than that in youth group (41.4%), middle-aged group（26.0%）and quinquagenarian group（15.6%）. Conclusion: The knowledge of skin care of the surveyed population is not comprehensive, and the skin care behavior of different groups is different.

A 26-year-old female presented with diffuse hair shedding with trichodynia for 6 months due to work pressure. The hair-pulling test was positive. Dermoscopic examination showed many new vellus hairs, and the proximal part of the shed hair shaft was hypopigmentation. The diagnosis of acute telogen effluvium was made. The hair lose basically recovered after support treatment and relieving anxiety.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a plasma fraction that contains a greater concentration of platelets, which is usually 4 to 7 fold of the mean platelet concentration of the whole blood. Platelet-rich plasma is rich in growth factors and can promote epithelialization, angiogenesis and collagen regeneration. This review mainly summarizes the application of platelet-rich plasma in discosmetic dermatoses, such as androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, scar, vitiligo, striae distensae and facial rejuvenation.

Q-switched laser is the most comment treatment of naevus fuscocaeruleus zygomaticus (NFZ) at present. The update of the treatment for NFZ including nanosecond lasers, picosecond lasers and impact factors is reviewed in this paper.

The data of 792 children with vitiligo in our hospital were analyzed. Of 792 patients, 405 were male and 387 were female, the age of the patients ranged from 3 to 8 and the peak age was 6. The most common location was face and neck (284 cases, 35.86%). 102 patients (14.27%) had family history. The high peak was in spring and summer (534 cases, 67.42%). 242 patients (30.56%) had a history of trauma, mental factors, sun exposure and other inducing factors. 113 patients (14.27%) had other diseases. Of 792 patients, TPOAb and TGAb positivity rates were 9.13% and 5.19% respectively in the vitiligo group, which were higher than those in the normal control group (1.65% and 0.63%), with significant differences (Ps<0.05). The serum 25-(OH)D level was (37.64±13.62) nmol/L, which significantly lower than that in the normal control group, with a significant difference (P<0.05). The effective rate of treatment was 57.38% and the efficacy of face and neck was better than that of trunk and limbs. 

Objective: To assess the efficacy of cefixime in the treatment of the patients with early symptomatic syphilis. Methods: The patients with early symptomatic syphilis were enrolled in our hospital from May 2018 to April 2020. The patients were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group. The patients in the treatment group were treated with oral cefixime,100 mg, twice a day for 15 days. The patients in the control group were treated with intramuscular injection of benzathine benzylpenicillin (BPG), 2.4 million units, once a week for 2 weeks. Then the cure rate and negative conversion rate of TRUST titer were compared. Results: Sixty patients were recruited with 30 cases in each group. The cure rate in the treatment group and control group were 83.3% and 90% respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). The treatment group and control group were not markedly different in the rash disappearance time (18.17±2.13 days vs 17.00±2.68 days, P>0.05) and the incidence rate of adverse reactions （3.3% vs 10%， P>0.05). In the treatment group, the negative conversion rate of TRUST titer at month 6, month 9, month 12 after the treatment were 6.7%, 40%, 53.3%  respectively, which were 3.3%, 23.3%, 40% in the control group respectively, with no significant differences (Ps<0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy and safety of cefixime are similar to BPG in the treatment of early symptomatic syphilis.

Skin aging primarily includes exogenous and endogenous senescence. Various physical and chemical factors principally rise exogenous aging. Endogenous aging is driven chiefly by natural aging with age. The mechanisms affiliated with natural aging are complex, involving genes, mitochondria, telomeres, hormones, and other factors. However, there is no explicit definition of the specific mechanism of natural aging. The latest research of endogenous skin aging in recent years is reviewed in this paper.

The data of 51 cases with leprosy from January 2013 to June 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Of 51 cases, 34 were male and 17 were female, 35 were diagnosed as leprosy and 16 were misdiagnosed. The lesions mainly located on the face, neck, trunk and limbs, 21 patients had loss of eyebrow, 1 had thickened ulnar nerves, 13 had paraesthesia, 1 had malformations, 2 had itch of lesions. About 5 clinical subtypes of leprosy, the manifestations belonged to TT, BT,  BB, BL, LL, in 2 , 2, 2, 10, 34 patients respectively and the type of manifestations were indeterminate in 1 patient. The lesions pathological results showed epidermal atrophy in 33 patients (64.70%) and grenz zone in 30 (58.82%), involved the whole dermis in 8 patients (15.60%), the positivity rate of acid fast staining of Mycobacterium leprae was 96%.

Objective: To assessment the clinical efficacy and safety of 2% carteolol eye drops combined with mucopolysaccharide polysulfate cream in the treatment of low and medium risk infantile hemangioma. Methods: The infant with low and medium risk superficial infantile hemangioma in our hospital were recruited and randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The patients in experimental group were given topical 2% carteolol eye drops combined with mucopolysaccharide polysulfate cream. The patients in control group were given topical 2% carteolol eye drops. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions in the two groups were assessed. Results: From December 2016 to November 2020, a total of 218 patients were recruited, including 113 in the experimental group and 105 in the control group. The effective rates in the experimental group at 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment were 18.58%, 55.75%, and 76.11%, which in the control group were 18.10%, 52.38%, 72.38%. There was no statistical difference of the effective rates between the two groups (Ps＞0.05). Adverse reactions included eczema and ulcers, and the incidence of adverse reactions at 6 months of treatment in the experimental group was 1.77%, which was lower than 9.52% in the control group, with a significant difference (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Mucopolysaccharide polysulfate cream does not affect the clinical efficacy of 2% carteolol eye drops in the treatment of low and medium risk superficial hemangioma, while it can reduce the incidence of eczema and ulcers. 

We report a case of calcinosis in dermatomyositis (DM) and review the literature of calcinosis in DM. The clinical data of 105 patients with calcinosis in dermatomyositis reported before was reviewed. Of 105 patients, 59 were female and 46 were male. The peak age was 1-12 years. The lesions limited to individual existing lesions in 21% patients and the most common site was buttocks and limbs. Typical nodules and plaques are the most common lesions and 3.8% patients had calcified fluid or calcified cystic lesions, and 14.3% had severe joint contracture and deformity. The risks for calcinosis in dermatomyositis included prolonged active inflammation, local invisible injury, and positive anti-NXP-2 antibody. Various therapies have been used for calcinosis in DM, such as a combination of different drugs, and drugs combination with surgical removal of the calcium deposits. TNF-ɑ inhibitors have been tried in a few case reports.

Objective: Leprosy is an important public health issue worldwide. Delay in diagnosis augments the transmission of infection and may also cause irreversible harm such as disability and disfigurement. Early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment are the main measures to eliminate the hazards of leprosy. In the 21st century, especially in the past ten years, leprosy has turned into a low endemic infectious disease in China. Due to the low cost-benefit ratio, the traditional methods of active detection of leprosy patients, population survey, close contact screening based on the provincial, municipal, and prefectural leprosy control and prevention institutions, are no longer suitable for the needs of leprosy control. Thus, it is urgent to explore new control strategies.

Methods: This study introduced the early detection strategy of leprosy based on the provincial alliance of dermatology departments, which is a horizontal and vertical referral system composed of dermatology department of general hospital and leprosy prevention and control institutions. The dermatology departments of general hospitals were included into the leprosy symptom monitoring system, which made up the shortcomings of the traditional leprosy control and prevention institutions. All the suspected cases were finally diagnosed by the Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology. Results: In the past four years, 3043 suspects were transferred to the Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology through the leprosy symptom monitoring system, 39 cases of leprosy were diagnosed. The delay period of diagnosis and the proportion of grade 2 disability (G2D) decreased by 66.23 months and 38.08%, respectively, and the proportion of G2D decreased by 25.61% compared with that before the implementation of the project. Conclusion: The implementation of the symptom monitoring scheme based on the combination of dermatology department of general hospital and specialized disease prevention and control institutions is an effective strategy for early detection of leprosy patients in the new era.

Botulinum toxin A is a neurotoxin which is widely used in skin beauty. In recent years, many studies have confirmed that botulinum toxin A is safe and effective in treating facial erythema and telangiectasia associated with rosacea. The treatment mechanism, clinic application, efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin are reviewed in this paper.

Objective: To investigate the expression of LCN2 in the cell/animal model of psoriasis and the effect of C10orf99 knockdown on the expression level of LCN2 in cultured HaCaT in vitro. Methods: Use imiquimod to eatablish the animal model of psoriais to verify the expression level of LCN2 in that model. Use M5 (IL-1α, IL-17, IL-22, TNFα and OSM) to stimulate HaCaT to establish the cell model of psoriasis and then use qRT-PCR and Western Blot to detect the expression of LCN2 in the model. C10orf99 shRNA lentivirus was used to knockdown the expression of C10orf99 and qRT-PCR and Western Blot were carried out to detect the effect of C10orf99 knockdown on the expression of LCN2 in cultured psoriatic HaCaT in vitro. Results: The expression of LCN2 in the models of psoriasis is significantly increased. In additon, to be compared with the control group, the knockdown of C10orf99 significantly decreases the expression of LCN2 in the cell model of psoriasis (P<0.05). Conclusion: C10orf99 is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis via regulating the expression of LCN2.

Laser can treat alopecia alone, and the bioavailability of topical anti-alopecia drugs can be enhanced by laser assistance. The latest researches of low-level laser therapy, fractional laser, excimer laser and laser-assisted drug delivery for the treatment of alopecia are reviewed in this paper.

It has been reported that psoriasis may affect the reproductive function of patients. Psoriasis may reduce the fertility of men and women, and affect pregnancy. Pustular psoriasis during pregnancy does a great harm to the mothers and babies. The update of the effect of psoriasis on reproduction and pregnancy is reviewed in this paper.