We report a case of dupilumab-induced immune drifting from atopic dermatitis to polymyalgia rheumatica. A 66-year-old female presented with bilateral shoulder pain, widespread myalgia and morning stiffness for 4 weeks. She has had a history of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis and was treated with dupilumab over the past 48 weeks. Physical examination revealed limitation of active shoulder, hip and knee abduction but the muscle strength was normal. Laboratory findings showed elevated levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, while creatine kinase, rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic peptide containing citrulline were of normal value. The patient was treated with low dose of prednisone, methotrexate, and other supportive treatment and the myalgias, rash and pruritus improved.

Spitzoid melanoma (SM) is a specific subtype of malignant melanoma. The patient presented with pink nasal nodules, painless rapid growth for 3 months, but surface ulceration, which was early misdiagnosed as pyogenic granuloma. The diagnosis of Spitz nevus-like melanoma was made according to the features of pathology.

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a common autoimmune bullous derma, which mainly occurs in the elderly patients, and such patients often have a history of multiple neurological diseases, thrombosis and embolism, so the application of glucocorticoids in the treatment of elderly BP patients is a great challenge. Herein, we report  a case of successful treatment of elderly BP patients complicated with multi-system chronic history with dupriuzumab alone.  A 91-year-old female presented with itching erythema, blister on the trunk and limbs for half a year. The patient had a history of hypertension for more than 2 years, myocardial infarction for 4 years and cerebral infarction for 2 years. The diagnosis of BP was diagnosed based on the results of biopsy immunohistochemistry and serum antibodies, and the baseline BPDAI score was 18. The patient was treated with dupriuzumab, and the initial dose was 600 mg ,then 300 mg was given after 2 weeks. The lesions subsided and  pigmentation remained 3 weeks after the second dose, and the BPDAI score decreased to 4. The patient did not relapse after 3 months of follow-up.

The traditional oral drugs of palmoplantar pustulosis includes acitretin, methotrexate, cyclosporine A, the use of which are often limited due to adverse reactions. Jak inhibitors such as tofacitinib could affect a series of cytokines by inhibiting the JAK-STAT pathway, and play an immunomodulatory role. The clinical efficacy of JAK inhibitors in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis has been confirmed. We reporte three cases of palmoplantar pustulosis successfully treated with tofacitinib and reviewed the relevant literature.

Treatment of hypereosinophilic syndrome with dupriulizumab has been reported abroad, but not in China. Herein, we report a case of dupriulizumab in the treatment of hypereosinophilic syndrome successfully. The patient received subcutaneous injection of dupilumab at an initial dose of 600 mg, 300 mg after 1 week, then once every 2 weeks with a dose of 300 mg. After 3 weeks of treatment, the pruritus was significantly relieved, and the skin lesions basically subsided after 7 weeks. Erysipelas appeared on the 3rd day after the first dose of treatment, which was improved by anti-infection.

DRG (Diagnosis Related Group, DRG) payment is a key way of medical insurance payment reform currently promoted by the state, which is to settle medical insurance expenses according to the weight of disease diagnosis grouping. The wide variety of dermatology diseases and the low weight of the overall disease group lead to low payment standards. How to better operate and develop and provide high-quality diagnosis and treatment services under the background of DRG payment reform is a challenge for dermatological hospitals and dermatology departments. Based on the data of our hospital , this paper analyzed the DRG management system of our hospital, including disease operation management, disease cost control, adjustment of income structure, standardization of path management, strengthening of department operation management, while improving the quality of the first page of medical records and the accuracy of coding, carrying out day ward and day surgery, strengthening communication with medical insurance agencies, optimizing information system construction, etc., to provide reference for the operation mode of DRG payment in dermatology.

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus. Monkeypox was predominantly prevalent in the Africa region, but the outbreaks continuously occurred in increasing number of traditionally non-endemic countries and regions since May 2022 indicating a human-to-human transmission. The epidemiological characteristics and its developing trend of these outbreaks were reviewed to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.

A 25-year-old male of Han nationality presented with gray plaques on the balanus for 9-days, sore throat and fever for 6 days and erythema, papulovesicles and vesicles scattered over the body for 2 days. The patient has a history of unprotected MSM 4 days before onset of illness. Physical examination revealed a congested posterior pharyngeal wall and three soy-sized enlarged lymph nodes with tenderness on both sides of the neck and on the right groin. Erythema scattered on his face, neck, trunk and upper limbs with rice-sized vesicles, papulovesicles and pustules. It was noted that multiple gray-white annular protuberant plaques located in the coronary sulcus with sticky secretions on the surface, leathery and tender. Histopathology of the plaque in coronary sulcus showed patchy necrosis surrounded by reticular degeneration in epidermis, with balloon-like cells, neutrophils and nuclear dust. There was also hemorrhage and necrosis vessels in superficial and middle dermis, as well as perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in superficial and deep dermis. qPCR results of monkeypox virus was positive in specimens such as blood, throat swabs, secretion of plaques on the coronal sulcus, swabs of vesicles on the face, upper limbs, and back. The diagnosis of monkeypox was confirmed based on the history of unprotected sex with men, clinical and histopathological manifestations, and positive qPCR results.

A 41-year-old male presented with erythematous, desquamative dermatitis  all over the body for 40 days. The clinical manifestation and biopsy features of the lesions were consistence with both pityriasis rubra pilaris and psoriasis, with negative family history. The age of first onset was 41 years old. Preliminary diagnosis was pityriasis rubra pilaris (Type I). Systemic acitretin shows significant improvement. Whole-exome and Sanger DNA sequencing were used to characterize the disease gene in the patient, and a novel heterozygous mutation c.1799 C>T(p.Pro600Leu) in the CARD14 gene was identified. The final diagnosis of CAPE (CARD14-associated papulosquamous eruption) was made according to the clinical and pathological features, as well as the genetic results.

Mast cells are innate immune cells in human body and participate in diverse immune diseases. It has been proved that mast cell stabilizers that inhibit degranulation and the release of inflammatory mediators could be an effective treatment of rosacea. This review summarizes the research progress in the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of rosacea and mast cell stabilizers in the treatment of rosacea, aiming to provide a basis for basic research and clinical treatment of rosacea.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune dermatological disease characterized by non-scarring hair loss, its etiology is still unknown, it could be related to environment, heredity and immunity. It is well accepted that the “loss of immune immunity” of hair follicles during the growth period plays an important role in the etiology of AA. In recent years,  the common immunological characteristics of AA and other autoimmune diseases have been discovered, and a variety of new biological agents have been gradually tried to apply to treat severe AA and those with poor efficacy of traditional therapies. The update of the immunologic mechanism of alopecia areata is reviewed in this paper.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and wide local excision (WLE) for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and to explore the factors affecting the efficacy of BCC. Methods: The data of hospitalized patients with BCC in the dermatosurgery ward of our hospital from November 2013 to November 2015 was statistically analyzed using SPSS 23.0 software. Results: A total of 121 patients with BCC were collected, and the tumors were mainly located on the head and face. In the extent of resection, the WLE group was significantly larger than the MMS group (6.3±2.9 mm vs 4.5±2.2 mm), and the tumor resection rate was higher in the MMS group than in the WLE group (100.0% vs 88.7%, P＜0.05). There was no significant difference of resection rate between MMS and WLE after a small amount of unresected tumors in MMS were expanded by 2 mm (P=0.584). The efficacy of WLE was equivalent to MMS when resection margin was 4～5 mm. Conclusion: MMS has a higher tumor resection rate and a lower recurrence rate than WLE. When the implementation of MMS is limited, 4～5 mm surgical margin is recommended.

As a rare atypical mycobacterium, Mycobacterium cosmeticum can cause cutaneous granuloma. We report the first case in China of Mycobacterium cosmeticum infection. A 22-year-old female presented with erythema on the right arm for cat bite for 2 months and the past medical history was healthy. The histopathology was consistent with infectious granuloma and tended to atypical mycobacterium infection. The skin tissue was sequenced and the phylogenetic tree analysis was carried out. The final diagnosis was Mycobacterium cosmeticum infection. After the long-term treatments with adjusted medication, the lesion subsided by using condition by using ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and minocycline.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety between ixekizumab and adalimumab in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis using ixekizumab or adalimumab from January 2020 to October 2022. Psoriasis lesion area and severity index (PASI), dermatologic quality of life index （DLQI） and adverse events were analyzed at baseline, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 week after administrating. Results: A total of 48 patients were analyzed in this study, including 31 patients in the ixekizumab treatment group and 17 patients in the adalimumab treatment group. Among the 48 patients, 37 were treated for 24 weeks, of which 25 were in the ixekizumab treatment group and 12 were in the adalimumab treatment group. PASI90 response rates in the ixekezumab group were 0%, 32.26%, 80.65% and 84.00% at 2, 4, 12 and 24 week after dosing, and PASI 100 response rates were 0%, 12.90%, 45.16% and 64.00%. The PASI 90 response rates were 0%, 5.88%, 47.06% and 66.67% and PASI 100 response rates were 0%, 5.88%, 23.53% and 25.00% in the adalimumab treatment group at 2, 4, 12 and 24 week. The median time to reach PASI 75 in the ixekizumab group was 4 weeks, that  of in the adalimumab group was 8 weeks.  No serious adverse reactions were observed in any of the patients. Conclusion: The short-term effect of ixekizumab were superior to adalimumab at improvement lesion severity as well as onset of action in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris. The safety of the two drugs is comparable.

We report a patient with refractory bullous pemphigoid was treated with glucocorticoid at first, but the effect was poor. Rituximab was used for treatment, and the rash recurred with severe pruritus. After oral administration of the JAK1 inhibitor abrocitinib, the pruritus was rapidly relieved, and there was no recurrence of the rash during follow-up.

A 68-year-old male presented with brown nodules on the scalp for 8 months, spread and ruptured for 3 months. Pathology showed that irregular vascular lumen formation in the epidermis and hypertrophic endothelial cells with obvious atypia, suggesting angiosarcoma. Immunohistochemistry showed CD31 (+), CD34 (+), D2-40 (+), HHV8 (-). The diagnosis of scalp angiosarcoma was made.

Objective: November 19, 2022, an elderly inpatient with psoriasis in our hospital tested positive for COVID-19, the elder patient had high fever, hypertension, high cytokine levels, and a history of coronary heart disease, we conducted this emergency response to quickly treat the patient and control the spread of COVID-19 in our hospital. Methods: According to the National COVID-19 Control and treatment Protocol (9th edition), and the Emergency Response Plan for COVID-19 in our hospital (11th edition), information reporting, hospital blockading, COVID-19 nucleic acid test for single person, inpatient treatment, close contact screening, environmental disinfecting, case transport to designated hospital, and risk assessment were carried. The elderly patient was treated with IL-6 receptor antagonist and human immunoglobulin et al. Results: After treatment, the patient did not develop severe symptoms such as dyspnea, blood pressure and body temperature returned to normal, and there was no discomfort during 1 month follow-up. A total of 12 close contacts were determined. Among them, the patient's daughter and a nurse in our hospital tested positive for COVID-19 during quarantine observation and recovered after symptomatic treatment. After overnight response, the risk of COVID-19 spread was under control, without affecting the treatment of inpatients and outpatients. Conclusion: The treatment of combination of IL-6 receptor antagonist and human immunoglobulin successfully treated an elderly COVID-19 positive patient with psoriasis and coronary heart disease, avoiding the patient becoming severe, and providing a new idea for the treatment of elderly COVID-19 patients.

A 22-year-old male presented with erythema and papule on the root of penis for a week，with fever for 2 days and papules ulcerated for 1 day. He was bitten by a hamster one week before onset of illness. He was a man who has sex with man (MSM). Physical examination revealed ulcerated clusters of pustules on the root of penis, lymphadenectasis on both sides of the groin, and multiple mung bean-sized pustules around the anus. Monkeypox virus nucleic acid qPCR test was positive. A 33-year-old male presented with pustules on the monsveneris for 12 days, erythema on the whole body for 3 days, and pustules on each hand for 1 day. He was a MSM. Physical examination revealed ulcerated clusters of pustules on the veneris mons, erythema all over the body, and millet-sized pustule on each hand. Monkeypox virus nucleic acid qPCR test was positive. Both of these two cases were diagnosed with monkeypox.

A 38-year-old male presented with perianal ulceration for one week and pustules appeared on the trunk and limbs for three days after homosexual anal or oral sex two weeks ago, accompanying fever, sore throat, and general body aches. Physical examination revealed red swelling throat, superficial neck lymph nodes enlargement. Mung bean size pustular rashes scattered on the trunk and limbs. Several soy-sized ulcers surrounded the anus with tenderness. MPXV-qPCR for all rashes tested were positive. The diagnosis of monkey pox was confirmed.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) are a new type of anti-tumor immunotherapy drugs, which activate T cells to eliminate cancer cells by specifically binding to the inhibitory receptors on the surface of T cells, and obtain a good anti-tumor effect. However, a series of immune-mediated or immune-related adverse reactions may occur during the course of treatment, among which skin adverse reactions are the most common. In this paper, the literature of bullous pemphigoid caused by the immune checkpoint inhibitor programmed cell death 1(PD-1) and its ligand programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) were analyzed retrospectively. To review the prevalence rate, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment methods.

Objective: To identify the pathogen in a patient with long-term chronic facial infection and whether the patient has innate immunodeficiency. Methods: The lesions of the patients were collected, and biopsy, fungal culture, bacterial culture, strain sequencing were performed. The sequencing results were compared in Genebank and the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute website to identify the strains. Whole exome sequencing was performed on the patient to screen for pathogenic mutations, and the found pathogenic mutations were further verified by Sanger sequencing. Results: The patient was infected with Fusarium verticillioides, which was diagnosed as localized skin Fusarium verticillioides infection, and the lesion recovered after oral administration of itraconazole. The sequencing results showed that the patient carried a homozygous frameshift mutation of CARD9 gene (c.820 _ 821insG, p.D274Gfs * 61). Conclusion: This is the first report of a case of localized skin Fusarium moniliforme infection with CARD9 deficiency, which enriches the phenotype spectrum of CARD9 deficiency diseases and suggests that patients with long-term chronic infection should consider the possibility of genetic defects.

Localized pustular psoriasis is a type of pustular psoriasis, which involves important functional parts of the body, has a great impact on the quality of life in patients. At present, there is no gold standard for its treatment, and traditional drugs are not effective enough. Targeted drugs have become a new breakthrough in its treatment. The targeted therapy for localized pustular psoriasis are reviewed in this paper.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of adult prurigo nodularis (PN). Methods: The data of adult patients with PN who were treated with regular dupilumab for 16 weeks in our hospital from May 2021 to October 2021 were retrospectively anlyzed. The efficacy and safety were accessed using the Numerical rating scale(NRS), Dermatology Life Quality Index(DLQI), Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA),and Eczema area and severity index (EASI) at weeks 0,4,8,16. Results: A total of 28 patients were collected. After 16 weeks of treatment, the scores of NRS, DLQI, IGA and EASI of 28 patients all decreased significantly, which decreased from 8.96±0.88, 24.54±3.12, 4.00±0.67 and 39.64±10.89 at baseline to 0.96±0.88, 2.43±1.40, 0.86±0.53 and 7.10±3.68, respectively, with significant differences (Ps<0.05). Dry eye occurred in 1 patient, local injection reactions occurred in 4 patients, and no other serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion: Dupilumab can continuously improve the skin lesions and pruritus of nodular pruritus with high safety, which provide a new treatment option for PN.

A 28-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to fever for four weeks and erythema and scales on all his skin for three weeks in August, 2004. The patient developed psoriasis vulgaris nine weeks ago and was treated with tripterygium wilfordii, dapsone, roxithromycin and compound ammonium glycyrrhizinate. He began fever four weeks ago and had erythema on trunk and extremities, elevated transaminase and lymphadenopathy three weeks ago. He was given glucocorticoid and antibiotic therapy by other hospitals. But his lesions gradually became severe. Physical examination revealed his temperature was 37.7℃ and several lymph nodes in his neck, axillary and groin were found with skin erythema and scales all around his body. Laboratory tests showed increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT,384 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (AST,152 U/L), total bilirubin (TBIL, 140.2 μmol/L), direct bilirubin (DBIL, 107.7 μmol/L) and decreased albumin albumin (ALB,31.2 g/L). The patient was diagnosed with erythrodermic drug eruption and drug induced hepatitis. Then dapsone and other agents were ceased. After 47 days of treatment with glucocorticoid and extra-nutrition, the patient was cured and discharged. His was found carrying HLA-B*13:01 allele 13 years later during follow up. The IL-5 enzyme-linked immunospot assay on his peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by dapsone in vitro was positive. Finally, the diagnosis of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome was made.

A six-year-old girl presented with dry and rough of the skin all over the whole body, the skin of the hands, feet, elbows, knees and hips showed brown granular and leather change, the skin of palmar and plantar was hyperkeratosis, and the nails of fingers (toes) were thickened and deformed, hair and eyebrows were sparse, eyelashes were loss, hearing loss. A heterozygous mutation C.148G>A(p.D50N) was detected in exon 2 of GJB2 gene in peripheral blood of this child. Histopathological examination showed ichthyosis, and hearing examination showed deafness in both ears. The diagnosis of keratitis ichthyosis deafness syndrome (KID syndrome) was made.

A 12-year-old girl presented with broad bean red papules on her neck and occasional pruritus for 5 years. Dermatology showed her neck area lessions were dry and mild lichenification, with densely distributed flesh-colored or pale red follicular papules on the basis of a reddish-brown spot, some had fusions. There were dry lessions with fine furfur-like gray or brown scales on the right loin. Combined with clinical manifestations, pathological and dermoscopy examination, the diagnosis of folliculotropic mycosis fungoides was made.

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare syndrome involving nerve, skin, and mucosal, which characterized by a triad of recurrent oral facial swelling, recurrent peripheral facial paralysis, and cracked tongue. The classical manifestation is only found in 8%~25% of patients, so MRS is always misdiagnosed. Herein, we report three cases of classical MRS cases.

We summarized 4 patients with severe bullous pemphigoid successfully treated by dupilumab combined with glucocorticoid, providing reference for the treatment of severe bullous pemphigoid. Of 4 patients, 3 had obvious itching accompanied by eosinophilia and the disease was controlled on day 2, 3, and 1st after treatment with glucocorticoid combined with dupriuzumab, respectively, the eosinophil count decreased to normal on day 6, 9, and 3rd, the dose of glucocorticoid began to be reduced on day 4, 10, and 4th. The other patient with concomitant tumors, had no obvious itching and normal eosinophil count, the condition was controlled after 10 days of medication, and the dose of glucocorticoid was reduced 14 days later.  Dupilumab combined with glucocorticoid is an effective method for the treatment of severe bullous pemphigoid patients.

IL-33 is a nuclear cytokine of the IL-1 family, which acts on a variety of cells through combination its receptors, such as mast cells, innate lymphocytes type 2, basophils, etc. . It is one of the important cytokines in the development and maintenance of type 2 immune responses. Recent studies have shown that IL-33 is involved in pruritic signaling through activating the peripheral nervous system. This paper focuses on the signal transduction mechanism after the activation of interleukin 33 receptor, and elaborates the neuroimmune mechanism of IL-33 involved in pruritus in type 2 inflammatory skin diseases. We also review the advances of drug research targeting IL-33.

We report a case of essential thrombocythemia after splenectomy. Tuberculosis was induced by taking hydroxyurea and ruxolitinib, which was improved after anti-tuberculosis treatment. Then multiple tuberculous skin ulcers occurred in the waist, abdomen, arms and thighs, which were cured after local treatment (abscess incision and drainage and debridement and VSD negative pressure suction/suture/local dressing change). Hydroxyurea and ruxolitinib were continued to take at present, and no adverse reactions occurred.

The mechanism of psoriasis recurrence is still unclear. Some studies have shown that skin tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) play an important role in the recurrence of psoriasis. In addition, keratinocytes (KCs), γδT cells and dendritic cells (DCs) are also involved in disease recurrence to a certain extent. This paper reviews the latest immunological research progress of TRM involved in the recurrence of psoriasis, as well as the role of other cells in the recurrence in recent years, so as to provide ideas for the study of the recurrence mechanism of psoriasis.

It has been reported in the literature that the joint and skin symptoms of patients with SLE can be rapidly improved by tofaciib treatmen. Only one case of SLE alopecia treated by tofaciib had been reported abroad, but not reported in China. We report a case of successful treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with alopecia as the first manifestationa  and review the related literature in this paper.

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease present with pigment cell damage related white patch for both skin and mucosa, which is easy to diagnose and difficult to treat. Current treatment options are mostly off-label and lack specific therapeutic drugs. In recent years, several studies have shown that systemic and topical targeted immunotherapy, including biological agents and small-molecule inhibitors, are effective in the treatment of vitiligo, shedding new light on the treatment of vitiligo. We review the clinical studies of systemic and topical targeted immunotherapy in recent years to add knowledge for the clinical treatment of vitiligo.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of secukinumab and adalimumab in the treatment of nail psoriasis. Methods: The patients with nail psoriasis and treated with secukinumab or adalimumab at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2020 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The efficacy and safety of the two groups were evaluated after 0, 4, 12, 24 and 36 weeks of administration, respectively. The t test was used to compare the measurement data between the two groups, and the Fisher exact test was used to compare the count data between the two groups, to analyze the improvement of NAPSI before and after treatment in the two groups. Results: A total of 36 patients were collected, including 17 treated with secukinumab and 19 treated with adalimumab. The NAPSI score decreased by 7.60±4.34, 13.20±4.09, 17.60±3.79 and 21.20±4.87, and the decreasing rates of NAPSI score were (13.87±8.80)%, (24.13±9.44)%, (32.11±8.87)% and (38.41±9.64)% after 4, 12, 24 and 36 weeks in secukinumab treatment group. The NAPSI score decreased by 12.17±5.49, 25.67±9.69, 38.67±15.54, 34.67±18.49 and the decreasing rates of NAPSI score were (20.19±7.20)%, (45.34±11.96)%, (62.64±18.59)% and (71.83±19.64)% after 4, 12, 24 and 36 weeks in adalimumab treatment group. Conclusions: Secukinumab and adalimumab were equally effective in the treatment of nail psoriasis at week 4. At the 12th week of treatment, the efficacy of adalimumab began to be better than that of secukinumab. At the 24th week of treatment, adalimumab was significantly more advantageous.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a systemic disease, and active AD is associated with many systemic diseases, including metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, the relationship between AD and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been studied abroad, and it has been reported that AD may be associated with MetS, which increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, due to many conflicting reports on the relationship between AD and MetS, the relationship has not been fully elucidated so far, and it is unclear whether AD is a risk factor for MetS and its components (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia). In this paper, the update of the relationship between atopic dermatitis and metabolic syndrome and its components is reviewed.

Drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is a severe adverse drug reaction. Genetic susceptibility, drug-metabolizing enzymes deficiency, immune changes and virus reactivation may be involved in the etiology of DIHS. The traditional treatment includes glucocorticoids, immunosuppressant, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis and so on. The research of DIHS has made certain progress and the application of targeted small-molecule inhibitors and biologic agents have been used successfully to treat DIHS in recent years. The pathogenesis and therapeutic advances of DIHS are reviewed in this paper.

A 29-year-old male presented with 4 erythema on the pubic mound with pain for 10 days, which gradually became larger. Dermatological examination showed that pustules and ulcers on the pubic mound and coronary sulcus, some pustules were burst and crusted, and guinal lymph nodes were swollen. The monkeypox virus of lesions was detected by nucleic acid testing in Hanyang Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Before onset, the patient had a history of unclean sexual activity and had no history of man had sex with a man. The diagnosis of monkeypox was made. Then the patient was transferred to the designated hospital for treatment.

Photodynamic therapy is a non-invasive treatment that selectively eliminates tumor cells without damaging normal tissues or cells. A 68-year-old patient with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma was reported in this paper,. After 7 times of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy, the tumor completely regressed, and there was no recurrence observed during 1-year follow-up.