Objective: To assess the efficacy of cefixime in the treatment of the patients with early symptomatic syphilis. Methods: The patients with early symptomatic syphilis were enrolled in our hospital from May 2018 to April 2020. The patients were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group. The patients in the treatment group were treated with oral cefixime,100 mg, twice a day for 15 days. The patients in the control group were treated with intramuscular injection of benzathine benzylpenicillin (BPG), 2.4 million units, once a week for 2 weeks. Then the cure rate and negative conversion rate of TRUST titer were compared. Results: Sixty patients were recruited with 30 cases in each group. The cure rate in the treatment group and control group were 83.3% and 90% respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). The treatment group and control group were not markedly different in the rash disappearance time (18.17±2.13 days vs 17.00±2.68 days, P>0.05) and the incidence rate of adverse reactions （3.3% vs 10%， P>0.05). In the treatment group, the negative conversion rate of TRUST titer at month 6, month 9, month 12 after the treatment were 6.7%, 40%, 53.3%  respectively, which were 3.3%, 23.3%, 40% in the control group respectively, with no significant differences (Ps<0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy and safety of cefixime are similar to BPG in the treatment of early symptomatic syphilis.

A 26-year-old male presented with flat warts for 2 years, and was given the treatment of retinoids and CO₂ lattice laser, with poor therapeutic effect. The Patient was given COVID-19 vaccination (vero cell), Inactivated (Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Batch Number: 2021020088) on May 13, 2021. The lesions colour turned red, and itching obviously after 1 day of vaccination. No treatment was given when the patient visited the doctor on May 17, 2021. The lesions subsided when the patient visited the doctor on May 23, 2021.

The clinical data of 19 cases with acute urticaria after vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine (vero cell), (Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co, Ltd) were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital from January 2021 to June 2021. Of 19 patients, 8 were males and 11 were females, aged from 18 to 60 years old. One patient presented with wheals, laryngeal edema, with slight suffocation after 1h of vaccination, and 18 patients presented with wheals and itching after 24h of vaccination. All 19 patients were cured after treatment.

Two patients with lung cancers presented with cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation on the head, face, trunk, and extremities after the first treatment with camrelizumab for 2 or 3 weeks. Some lesions which were accompanied with ulceration and bleeding were treated with surgical resections. The histological feature was in accordance with granulomatous hemangioma. The diagnosis of reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation was made.

Secukinumab was the first fully human anti-interleukin-17a monoclonal antibody and successfully treated moderate-severe psoriasis. These new targeted medications are becoming more popular, but long-term side effects are not entirely clear. Dyshidrotic eczema and pompholyx are rare variants of dermatitis characterized by vesicles or bullae on the palms, soles and sides of the fingers. At present, the cases of patients with similar skin rashes after using secukinumab in the world have been reported. Herein, we present one case of erythroderma, accompany with dyshidrotic eczema in a patient with secukinumab for psoriasis.

Three cases of herpes zoster occured after COVID-19 vaccination.The relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and occurring of these 3 cases needs to be verified.

With the progress of the research on the pathogenesis of vitiligo, a series of drugs targeting specific immune pathways and molecules also made some improvements in recent years. Topical Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor facilitates repigmentation of vitiligo lesions in a phase II clinical trial. Interventions targeting IL-15R (CD122), inducible heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70i), NLRP3 inflammasome and WNT proteins have also shown definite efficacy in cell or animal models. The update of targeted therapy of vitiligo in recent five years on the aspects of therapeutic mechanism, efficacy and safety is reviewed in this paper.

Psoriasis is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease, which often recurs at the remission site of the primary skin lesions. Tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) can reside in the skin for a long time. In recent years, many studies have shown that TRM plays a crucial role in psoriasis recurrence and effective inhibition of TRM may be the key to control psoriasis recurrence. However, the anti-injury and anti-apoptotic characteristics of TRM make it difficult to control the recurrence. In this paper, we reviewed the production and residence of cutaneous TRM and the relationship between TRM and psoriasis recurrence.

A 62-year-old man presented with erythema and tender nodule on his right hand for 5 months. His middle finger of right hand was stabbed by marine fish before the onset of lesions. Histopathology examination revealed infectious granuloma. The results of Tuberculosis Interferon Gamma Release Assay（TB-IGRA） was positive. The diagnosis of infectious granuloma was made. The patient was treated with compound rifampin and clarithromycin, and then the condition improved obviously.

Afatinib is a kind of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, which is clinically used in the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma. One of the common adverse drug reactions was acneiform drug eruption. We reported two patients with acneiform drug eruption caused by afatinib in this paper.

Nagashima-Type palmoplantar keratosis (NPPK) is the most common palmoplantar keratosis in Asian population. In 2013, Kubo found that it was caused by homozygous or complex heterozygous mutations in serine protease inhibitor B7 (SERPINB7) by whole exome sequencing, and 15 different pathogenic mutations have been found at present. The typical clinical feature of NPPK is hyperkeratosis. NPPK has a good long-term prognosis, but there is still no standardized treatment. Current studies have found that gentamicin can effectively relieve skin hyperkeratosis and smell in patients with NPPK, but more clinical studies are needed to verify.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease. The latest research on the pathogenesis of HS has provided new ideas for therapies. A number of studies have shown that targeted biological agents targeting specific cytokines involved in HS are effective. The update of monoclonal antibodies against IL-17, TNF, IL-1, IL-12/IL-23, JAK/STAT pathway inhibitors, complement C5a inhibitors and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the treatment of HS is reviewed in this paper.

As a new type of drug, small molecule targeted drugs, such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE) inhibitors, and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, are at the stage of clinical trials for the treatment of skin diseases. In order to further improve the efficacy, reduce adverse reactions and treatment costs, small molecular targeted drugs which block the specific cytokines have applied in many refractory skin diseases. The update of small molecular targeted drugs in the treatment for dermatosis is reviewed in this article.

Objective: To analyse the characteristics of the anti-centromere antibody (ACA) positive patients with autoimmunity disease. Methods: The data of the autoimmunity disease patients with anti-centromere antibody (ACA) detected by indirect immunofluorescence in our hospital from January, 2020 to June 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into ACA positive group and ACA negative group, and the gender, age, clinical diagnosis, antinuclear antibody spectrum, immunological index, manifestations were compared between the two group. Results: 53 cases with ACA positive and 31 cases with ACA negative were analyzed. The average age of ACA positive group was 59.85±11.79, which was higher than ACA negative group (P＜0.05). The proportion of high titer（≥1∶1000）of ACA antibody titer, anti CENP-B antibody and anti AMA-M2 antibody in ACA positive gruop was 98.11%, 94.34% and 22.64%, which were higher than those in ACA negative gruop (77.42%, 6.45% and 6.45%) (Ps＜0.05). The average serum IgG level was 11.22±5.36 g/L in ACA positive group which was lower than ACA negative group (P<0.05). The ratio of the patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, cardiovascular involvement was 43.40% and 33.96% in ACA positive group, which was higher than those in ACA negative group (P<0.05). Conclusion:The characteristics of ACA positive patients with autoimmunity disease include older onset age, higher ACA antibody titer, AMA-M2 antibody level and CENP-B antibody level, easy to complicated with Raynaud's phenomenon and cardiovascular diseases, lower serum IgG level. The pathogenesis mechanism of ACA in autoimmunity diseases deserves more deeply study.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Secukinumab in the treatment of childhood psoriasis. Methods: The children with psoriasis who failed to respond to conventional treatments were given subcutaneous secukinumab 150 mg at week 0,1,2,3 and 4. The psoriasis area severity index (PASI) and body surface area (BSA) were assessed. Results: At week 4 of the treatment, all the 6 patients achieved PASI 90, and BSA significantly decreased, with no adverse reaction. Conclusion: Secukinumab is effective and safe for childhood psoriasis.

Pirfenidone is a new broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis drug, which has a very good effect on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. But it also has more adverse reactions, such as photosensitivity. We report a case of pulmonary fibrosis with severe phototoxicity after 4 weeks of pirfenidone treatment in this paper. The skin lesions gradually subside after pirfenidone was discontinued and glucocorticoid was given.

A 43-year-old female presented with a 2-month history of erythema and tender nodule in her right opisthenar and forearm. She had a history of stabbing by shrimp on the distal middle finger of the right hand. Histopathology revealed the possibility of infectious granuloma. The patient was treated with compound rifampin, clarithromycin and the condition improved obviously. The diagnosis of fish stabbed granuloma was made.

Subnastic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is rare, which is often diagnosed late or misdiagnosed, with an average delay of 62.4 months and a misdiagnosis rate of 78.9%. A 49-year-old male patient presented with rash on the lateral origin of the 5th finger of the right hand with pain for 2 years. Histologic examination showed highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Skin malignant tumor resection and free flap transplantation were performed under local anesthesia. The patient recovered well and no recurrence was found in the follow-up of six months.

Angiogenesis is an important branch of vascular system, which plays an important role in physiology and pathology. The complex process of angiogenesis includes many kinds of cytokines, signal pathways, gene regulation. The relationship and role of hypoxia inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1 α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Notch signaling pathway in the angiogenesis are reviewed in this paper.

The data of 7 patients with Mycobacterium abscessus infection from December 2018 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent cosmetic injections in informal hospitals, and the postoperative injection site was infected with Mycobacterium abscessus.  All of the seven patients with mutiple lesions presented with erythema, nodule, abscess and ulceration after cosmetic injection. The biopsy of lesions showed infectious granulomas. The Mycobacterium abscessus was found in the pus of 6 patients and was indentified in skin lesionin one patient through PCR amplification. The diagnosis of Mycobacterium abscess infection was made and the lesions were subside after treated with clarithromycin, rifampicin, levofloxacin, and no recurrence after half a year follow-up.

Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory disorder involving pilosebaceous organs. Androgens is well known to play a pivotal role in the initiation of acne. Antiandrogen medicines such as Clascoterone and combined oral contraceptives have already been used in clinic. Besides, some other medicines such as ASC-J9 cream, cyproterone acetate lotion, ketoconazole cream, spironolactone, flutamide, etc. are also promising. The antiandrogen in the treatment of acne is reviewed in this paper.

Tranexamic acid is a common antifibrinolytic drug, which is widely used in hemophilia patients after tooth extraction to stop bleeding, other surgical operations or acute trauma hemostasis, menorrhagia and other diseases. More and more studies have demonstrated that it not only has the effect of anti-secondary fibrinolysis, but also has the effects of anti-angiogenesis, inhibiting melanin synthesis, anti-inflammation, anti-allergy, improving skin natural aging and photoaging. Tranexamic acid has a therapeutic effect on many kinds of dermatosis, such as melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, Riehl's melanosis, etc. The mechanism of action, efficacy, adverse reactions and safety of tranexamic acid in the treatment of skin diseases is reviewed in this paper.

A 62-year-old male presented with multiple subcutaneous nodules on the left waist and left thigh for 10 mouths. Dermatological examination showed multiple subcutaneous nodules touched on the left waist and left thigh, and there was a small opening in the center of the lateral nodule of left thigh, with a little yellowish white pus. Histopathology showed granulomatous inflammation with large necrosis and small abscess. Gene detection of infectious pathogens showed Tropheryma whipplei. The diagnosis of Tropheryma whipplei infection was made. Surgical resection was performed.

The common therapies of alopecia areata (AA) include topical medications (corticosteroid, minoxidil, etc.), systemic medications (oral corticosteroid, methotrexate, cyclosporine, etc.) and physiotherapy (e.g. photochemical therapy PUVA, 308-nm excimer laser, etc.). Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors regulate a range of cytokines by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. Previous animal model studies and a series of case reports have shown that oral PDE-4 inhibitors can treat baldness, but there are more adverse side effects. Crisaborole ointment is a kind of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors, which have been reported in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and vitiligo. Phase 2 clinical trial of criborol ointment in the treatment of alopecia areata is under way, and there is no report about criborol ointment on the treatment of alopecia areata at home and abroad. We recently admitted to a patient who was treated with PDE-4 inhibitors for alopecia areata successfully, with no obvious adverse reaction.

Objective: To determine the effect of clascoterone on androgen-induced human sebocytes proliferation, lipid synthesis and inflammatory factors expression in vitro and explore its anti-acne mechanism. Methods: The immortalized human sebocytes SZ95 were cultrured in vitro and then divided into Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) group, clascoterone group and clascoterone+DHT group. The cell proliferation, intracellular neutral lipids, lipid synthesis-related proteins expression, inflammatory factors and transcription level of cytokines was detected by CCK8, nile red staining and western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and RT-qPCR respectively. Results: Compared with the DHT group, the number of cells in the clascoterone+DHT group significantly decreased (P<0.01) after 24-hour treatment. After treated with linoleic acid (LA), the level of neutral lipids in the clascoterone+DHT group was significantly  lower than that in the DHT group (P<0.0001). The lipid synthesis-related proteins such as PPARγ, PLIN2, FASN and SCD1, the transcription levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and the corresponding protein levels in the clascoterone+DHT group was significantly  lower than those in the DHT group (Ps<0.05) . Conclusion: Clascoterone has a partly androgen-independent regulatory effect on human sebocytes proliferation, lipid synthesis-related genes and inflammatory factors in vitro, which might be one of anti-acne mechanisms.

A 19-year-old youngster presented with palmplantar keratotic papules and patches, dyspigmentation on the trunk and proximal upper extremities over a year. He had a history of psoriasis vulgaris for 8 years. In the past 2 years, he has been taking some self-made pills (unknown ingredients) by a traditional Chinese medicine practitioner at a local clinic. Hyperpigmented patches mixed with hypopigmented macules were found on the body and proximal upper extremities. Some coalesced into patches with the file-like sensation. The level of arsenic in blood and urine were both elevated. The content of arsenic in self-made pills was 1.5 mg/100 g. The patient was told to stop taking the traditional Chinese medicine pills. The patient was treated with sodium dimercaptopropanesulfonate and acitretin capsules. 0.1% tretinoin cream was enclosed on the palms and soles. After 2 months, the palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and the dyspigmentation on the trunk were both markedly improved, but some sparsely-distributed, scaly erythema appeared on the scalp, trunk and extremities appeared. The arsenic content in lood and urine were both normal. 

Cutaneous Mycobacterium infection is a kind of complex skin disease, which is prone to miss diagnosis and misdiagnosis for the clinical and pathological manifestations are not specific. Cutaneous Mycobacterium infection can be roughly divided into three categories in clinic, including cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB), leprosy and non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) skin diseases. The update of the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment of various cutaneous mycobacterium diseases is reviewed in this paper.

The etiology and pathogenesis of vitiligo has not been fully clarified, which involves  genetics, autoimmune mechanisms, oxidative stress and environmental factors. Suitable animal models are the bases of pathogenesis study. Compared with the spontaneous vitiligo models, induced vitiligo models can be more capable to simulate the pathogenesis and influencing factors of vitiligo. The update of  vitiligo animal models is reviewed in this paper.

Pemphigoid is a term for heterogeneous blistering disorders including bullous pemphigoid(BP), mucous membrane pemphigoid(MMP)，Pemphigoid gestationis(PG), etc. Conventional therapy includes systemic corticosteroids(CS) and immunosuppressive agents(ISA), which is often accompanied by significant adverse reactions after long term treatment. Many scholars have tried to use biological agents to treat pemphigoid and achieved certain efficacy. The update of biological agents in the treatment of pemphigoid is reviewed in this paper.

Objective: Studies have reported that the incidence of ulcerative colitis in patients with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis is significantly higher than that in normals. To determine the association between psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis patients and ulcerative colitis is the purpose of this article. Methods:The studies of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ulcerative colitis in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase , CNKI and Wanfang were searched and meta-analysis by Review Manager 5.3 software was performed. Results: A total of 13 articles, including 3 cross-sectional studies, 2 case-control studies and 4 cohort studies with 723 402 psoriasis patients and 37 059 psoriatic arthritis patients were analyzed. The results revealed that there was a correlation between psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis and ulcerative colitis ［RR=1.65 (95% CI 1.55-1.76), OR=1.76 (95% CI 1.43-2.17)］, ［RR=2.14 (95% CI 1.72-2.66), OR=2.05(95% CI 1.50-2.80)］. Conclusion: Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis may increase the incidence of ulcerative colitis.

A 41-year-old male presented with 6-month history of a tender swelling yellow plaque successively involved in two hands. Histology revealed foamy macrophages being mass related. Immunohistochemical showed positive for CD68 and negative for S100. He was treated with statin drugs to reduce blood fat and no recurrence during 8-month follow up.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of simple thread-ligating therapy for paronychia stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ. Methods: The clinical data of 107 cases (134 toenails) with paronychia stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ treated with simple thread-ligating therapy in our hospital from August 2017 to August 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The advantage of simple thread-ligating therapy for paronychia stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ was relieving pain quickly. The pain remission rate was 80.60%, 97.01% and 100% at day 1, 3, 7 after surgery. The medical sutures shedding time was from 49 to 81 days, with an average of 65 days. 132 toenails (98.51%) were cured, and 4 (3.03%) places relapsed. Conclusion: Simple thread-ligating therapy is effective in the treatment for paronychia stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ with low recurrence rate. And this therapy doesn't effect the daily activities and doesn't damage the normal appearance of nails. 

A 42-year-old female presented with multiple maculopapular rashes on her palms for 45 days. She was misdiagnosed as verruca vulgaris and given the corresponding treatment with no improvement. Histopathologic examination revealed epidermal hyperkeratosis accompanied by parakeratosis, acanthosis and a large number of lymphocytes and plasmocytes were found in the upper dermis. Laboratory examination showed positive TPPA and the titre of RPR was 1:64. The case was diagnosed as secondary syphilis and was treated with an intramuscular injection of benzathine, 2.4 million units, once a week. The skin lesions subsided after 3-week treatment.

Skin aging primarily includes exogenous and endogenous senescence. Various physical and chemical factors principally rise exogenous aging. Endogenous aging is driven chiefly by natural aging with age. The mechanisms affiliated with natural aging are complex, involving genes, mitochondria, telomeres, hormones, and other factors. However, there is no explicit definition of the specific mechanism of natural aging. The latest research of endogenous skin aging in recent years is reviewed in this paper.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of baricitinib in the treatment of patient with progressive vitiligo. Methods: Patients with vitiligo received baritinib from April 2021 to March 2022 due to failure of systemic hormone therapy or refusal to use glucocorticoids were collected and evaluated at 3 and 6 months. Results: 8 patients were collected. After 3 and 6 months of treatment, the significant efficiency was 35.3% and 55.9%, and the total effective rate was 67.6% and 73.5%, respectively. After 6 months of treatment, the efficacy of extremities was lower than that of trunk (total effective rate χ²=7.369, P<0.01) and limbs (total effective rate χ²=4.554, P<0.05).  Conclusion: Baricitinib is effective and safe for progressive vitiligo，which is affected by duration of treatment and location of lesions.

We report a case of herpes simplex virus-related chronic relapsing erythema multiforme (EM) treated with adalimumab and immunoglobulin and review the related literature. A 9-year-old boy presented with repeated lip erosions for 15 months, and erythema all over the body for 8 months. Dermatological examination showed lip erosion, scattered dark red patches on back and limbs, with loosing blisters on the local periphery. The featrue of biopsy was consistent with EM, and the herpes simplex virus type I IgG titer was 444.72 RU/mL. The diagnose of erythema multiforme induced by herpes simplex virus was made. The patient was treated with valaciclovir, adalimumab and immunoglobulin, and the lesions subside after treatment for 2 weeks, and herpes simplex virus type I IgG titer was decreased significantly.

A 35-year-old male presented with erythema, papules and blisters on the lower extremitie for 1 month. The features of pathology, direct and indirect immunofluorescence and salt cracking test were in accordance with bullous pemphigoid. The efficacy of glucocorticoid, cyclophosphamide, combined with mycophenolate mofetil, thalidomide and intravenous injection of human immunoglobulin was poor. The lesions subsided after treated with rituximab injection combined glucocorticoid.

Laser can treat alopecia alone, and the bioavailability of topical anti-alopecia drugs can be enhanced by laser assistance. The latest researches of low-level laser therapy, fractional laser, excimer laser and laser-assisted drug delivery for the treatment of alopecia are reviewed in this paper.

A 29-year-old male presented with safe-au-lait-spots and plaque on his neck for two year. Pathologic examination revealed that a well defined unencapsulated lump in dermal, which cinsists of loosely arranged spindle cells with scanty pale cytoplasm and elongated wavy, scattered mast cells within the tumor. Immumohistochemical staining showed S-100 and CD34 were positive.The diagnosis of segmemal neurofibromatosis was made.